Input-Expectation Discrepancy Reduction: A Ubiquitous Mechanism
Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Cognitive Modelling. Pages 267-272.
© 1985 International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
This paper examines the various manifestations of input-expectation discrepancy that occurs in a broad spectrum of research on intelligent behavior. It makes the point that each of the different research activities highlights different aspects of an input-expectation reduction mechanism and neglects others. A comprehensive view of this mechanism has been constructed and applied in the design of a cognitive industrial robot. The mechanism is explained as both a key for machine learning strategies, and a guide for the selection of appropriate memory structures to support intelligent behavior.
- Aronson, E. (1979) The Theory of Cognitive Dis- sonance: A Current Perspective, in Cognitive Theories in Social Psychology, L. Berkowitz ( ed. ), Academic Press: NY, pp. 181-220.
- Becker, C.A. (1980) Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies, Memory and Cognition, 2 6 pp. 493- 512.
- ' ' Becker, C.A., Schvaneveldt, R.W., and Gomez, L.M. (1973) Semantic, Graphemic, and Phonetic Fac~ors in Word Recognition, Psychonomics Soc1ety, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Fainsilber, L., Miller, G.Z., and Ortony, A. (1984) An Electrophysiological Study of Metaphor Comprehension, Society for Psychophysiological Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
- H~bb, D.O. (1949) The Organization of Behavior, W1ley: NY.
- Holcomb, P.J. (1983) Automatic and strategic attention: An event-related brain potential analysis of contextual processing, Ph.D. Disserta- tion, New Mexico State University.
- Johnston, V.S. (1979) Stimuli with Biological Significance, in Evoked Brain Potentials and Behavior, H. Begleiter (ed.), Plenum Press: NY, pp. 1-12.
- Johnston, V.S ., Partridge, D., and Lopez,P.D. A Neural Theory of Cognitive Development, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 100, pp. 485-509, 1983.
- Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. (1980) Reading senseless sentences, Science, 207, pp. 203-205.
- Miller, L. (1978) Has Artificial Intelligence Con- tributed to an Understanding of the Human Mind? A Critique of Arguments For and Against, Cogni- tive Science, 2, pp. 111-127.
- Paap, K.R., Newsome, S.L., McDonald, J.E., and Schvaneveldt, R.W. (1982) An activation- verification model for letter and word recognition: the word-superiority effect, Psych. Rev., 89, 5, pp.573-594, 1982.
- Partridge, D. Johnston, V.S., and Lopez, P .D. (1983) Computer Programs as Theories in Biology, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 108, pp. 539-564.
- Partridge, D., Johnston, V.S., Lopez, P.D., and Burleson, C. (1985) A Hand-Eye Coordination Algorithm For A Cognitive Industrial Robot, procs. 18th Systems Science Conference, Hawaii.
- Rescorla, R.A. and Holland, P.C. (1976) Smrie behavioral approaches to the study of learning, in Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Memory, M.R. Rosenweig and E.L. Bennett ( eds. ), MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, pp. 165-192.
- Rumelhart, D.E., and Ortony, A. (1977) The representation of knowledge in memory, in School- ing and the Acquisit/on of Knowledge, R.C. Ander- son, R.J. Spiro, and W.E. Montague (eds.), Erl- baum: NJ.
- Schank, R.C. (1982) Dynamic Memory, Cam- bridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
- Schvaneveldt, R.W. and McDonald, J.E. (1981) Semantic context and the encoding of words: evi- dence for two modes of stimulus analysis, J. Exp. Psych., 7, 3, pp. 673-687.
- Sokolov, E.N. (1963) Perception and the Condi- tioned Reflex, Pergammon Press: NY.
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1. References
- Aronson, E. (1979) The Theory of Cognitive Dis sonance: A Current Perspective, in Cognitive Theories in Social Psychology, L. Berkowitz ( ed. ), Academic Press: NY, pp. 181-220.
- Becker, C.A. (1980) Semantic context effects in visual word recognition: An analysis of semantic strategies, Memory and Cognition, 2 6 pp. 493512. ' '
- Becker, C.A., Schvaneveldt, R.W., and Gomez, L.M. (1973) Semantic, Graphemic, and Phonetic Fac~ors in Word Recognition, Psychonomics Soc1ety, St. Louis, Missouri.
- Fainsilber, L., Miller, G.Z., and Ortony, A. (1984) An Electrophysiological Study of Metaphor Comprehension, Society for Psychophysiological Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
- H~bb, D.O. (1949) The Organization of Behavior, W1ley: NY.
- Holcomb, P.J. (1983) Automatic and strategic attention: An event-related brain potential analysis of contextual processing, Ph.D. Disserta tion, New Mexico State University.
- Johnston, V.S. (1979) Stimuli with Biological Significance, in Evoked Brain Potentials and Behavior, H. Begleiter (ed.), Plenum Press: NY, pp. 1-12.
- Johnston, V.S., Partridge, D., and Lopez,P.D. A Neural Theory of Cognitive Development, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 100, pp. 485-509, 1983.
- Kutas, M. and Hillyard, S.A. (1980) Reading senseless sentences, Science, 207, pp. 203-205.
- Miller, L. (1978) Has Artificial Intelligence Con tributed to an Understanding of the Human Mind? A Critique of Arguments For and Against, Cogni tive Science, 2, pp. 111-127.
- Paap, K.R., Newsome, S.L., McDonald, J.E., and Schvaneveldt, R.W. (1982) An activationverification model for letter and word recognition: the word-superiority effect , Psych. Rev., 89, 5, pp.573-594, 1982.
- Partridge, D. Johnston, V.S., and Lopez, P .D. (1983) Computer Programs as Theories in Biology, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 108, pp. 539-564.
- Partridge, D., Johnston, V.S., Lopez, P.D., and Burleson, C. (1985) A Hand-Eye Coordination Algorithm For A Cognitive Industrial Robot, procs. 18th Systems Science Conference, Hawaii.
- Rescorla, R.A. and Holland, P.C. (1976) Smrie behavioral approaches to the study of learning, in Neural Mechanisms of Learning and Memory, M.R. Rosenweig and E.L. Bennett ( eds. ), MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, pp. 165-192.
- Rumelhart, D.E., and Ortony, A. (1977) The representation of knowledge in memory, in Schooling and the Acquisit/on of Knowledge, R.C. Ander son, R.J. Spiro, and W.E. Montague (eds.), Erl baum: NJ.
- Schank, R.C. (1982) Dynamic Memory, Cam bridge University Press: Cambridge, U.K.
- Schvaneveldt, R.W. and McDonald, J.E. (1981) Semantic context and the encoding of words: evi dence for two modes of stimulus analysis, J. Exp. Psych., 7, 3, pp. 673-687.
- Sokolov, E.N. (1963) Perception and the Condi tioned Reflex, Pergammon Press: NY.
@inproceedings{ijcai1985p49,
title = {Input-Expectation Discrepancy Reduction: A Ubiquitous Mechanism},
author = {Partridge, Derek},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on
Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI-85}},
publisher = {International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence},
editor = {Aravind Joshi},
pages = {267--272},
year = {1985},
note = {Cognitive Modelling},
url = {https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1985/49},
}
TY - CPAPER TI - Input-Expectation Discrepancy Reduction: A Ubiquitous Mechanism AU - Partridge, Derek T2 - Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-85 PB - International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence PY - 1985 SP - 267 EP - 272 UR - https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1985/49 ER -Copied
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