Semantic Language And The Problem Of Goal Formation Modelling in Human Thinking

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Oouibnd is tbe 1:.~· ot pal ~oma­ tioa aodel.l.1zaa 1D aental actin t;r u a buia o~ tu coutruotion o~ auto­ aatio s,.t .. pou·aiq properties o~ av.toao~q aad 1Dtellectul. acl;i n t;r. !be characteristic ot tu pa;ro:bolos;r ot pal ~ozu.tiOD is pTa.. fte ucea~~1 ot ue ot aeauti.c laDnuea tor 110deJ.J.1q o~ iadep.U.t soal ~oaati.on ia nbataDtiaa. ted. !he structve o~ aaatic ~ baaed OD tbe pr1Aoiplea ot a1 tuatiODal ooatZ"Olia clea01"1be4.

llodem ~01'11&1-lorcal aet&a18t .. , U the7 an ooaaic!ere u aeau ot IIOdel­ liD« h-.a t:'hp1d·s. reYe&l a T&r;r es··­ tial obortco·'"l' 1;he;r c1o zao1; pdld.~ a deaOl"iption ot suolL a. illportat OOII.POJl­ eat ot J~Dtal utint;r u a pal ~oma.ti­ ·· !he 110at 1Dtead.n oreatiTe wozk ot tbe aaker8 ot p2:0p .. dedsu4 ~or tld.D­ ld.q aodel.l1Da, it ODl.;r 1 t !a bl'o\18ht alD­ ut OD tbe bula o~ e:z18t1.Jls .. t .. ,.t_., do DOt lea4 to ooaatrlaoti.on ot prop .. noout1tut:1.Jas a. 1D-·clct pal ~oma­ tion pJ:Ooeaa. M a reaul-, the auto-ted a,.t_. proTed to be, 1D .... oe, cJoo .. d to puai n t;ra tbe;r caa work onb- b;r 1u­ trv.ot10D8 or :p~om reaotioaa to atiau11 bo· ~oreha.d.

!he oreat10D ot actin cnemet:1c s;rataa, i.e. t:boae whiola ooulcl 'be a'ble to tom iDdaeadatl;r a pal, ])l'enppoau a cleTeloJa&D't o~ J.aDCuai ot thlnlr1as aoclell.iDc ocr~ a sreater ezt·' t.ba ~o1'11al .. · to soal ~omati.oa pZ'Oceaa resulari · 1D i.Jltellectual huuD actint;r. Oll.e o~ t:U cl1:ttioultiea ot oreati.on o~ such a ~s the absace k aodM'a atruot'ur ati.ca o~ ..... o~ uaoripti.on o~ ae ... o~ aaaa oopitiTe actint;r wlaicll llllderlie r:bla aol'riDa 1104ela OOIUitruot10D. Lead witll Oboealq'a 1DTeatigat".LODS 1 .. ~~ .. works 1D t:U fteld ot aeactural .I.UIS'U&­ t:1oa were di.Note4 tow.rda tlle stwb ot Datural l.aDpap t'aD.cti.OJiiDc .. chanl .. and the ooutruot:1cm o~ 1 ta ~omal 110clel& Probl· aol'ri.Dc 1aDp.ap tume4 out to be out o~ tlle ftel4 o~ naion o~ these worlll.

InTeatiptioaa 1Dto thtnlr1ng IIOd.el­ JJ..as, tbe relnllta o~ wbioll ~omed tbe ba­ sis 0~ tbe p.na·t woa, have began 1D the llid41e ot Go-thiea wL thiD the traae­ wo.rb o~ t:be .. thodolos;r o~ operatiTe t:h1nHng 1D lx1g s;rat ... ad the situatio­ nal oontZ'Ol basH On this .. thodolos;y whioll ~o1md at pres·t practical appllca­ ti.OD 1D autoaatlon o~ ocm.trol prooeaaea, robot conatruo1d.oa, peda&Osloa, etc. (1)

ODe o~ tlt.e eaaeatial prerequiaitiea

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~or the clenlopaent o~ s:l.tuatiou.l coat­ rol wu tbe ps7Qllolosloaltanati.pt1.0Jl iato aolY.t.aa operati.n prob1eM ~ear­ iq at oo~~plez ob;Jecta oontrol (3). !9le essential claaraoteriati.o o~ 1181' opera­ ti.n probleM is tut tlleir oonti ti.oaa are uual.q p.nscted to UD u a set o~ separate ~o eleaenta oepable o~ 110YiDg 1a a cl1screte statio apace (prob~ o~ Cliapatoher'a rail·f trauport cont­ rol, chess, - , ... "15 prob~, etc.). !he aol'l'iDa o~ these and ot~ probleM aq 'be o:taaraoterized u iateraotioa o~ two 00JipO"Ut8 - tbe ·"f'izomlat 1. e. tlle aituatiOJl, 8!14 tbe process oi IIOclel­ U.q o~ tld.s aift&UOJl wld.ob is b.roupt about 1D tbe bead o~ IWl aol'riDa tbe probla. B;r aol"f'iaa tbe p.robla 1lM .u­ ~eot IIOdela, _ recoutih.tea 1a hla iDter­ aaliD:toraanoaal pleD d;rlwd.o eleacts ad that statio qat· (the traob o~ a rail·;r stat1011, tbe ~ielda o~ oheu­ -'boarcl etc.) oa which these eleacta are a1 tu.ted. Pa;rc~~oJ.ost.oal a'":!tfatioaa ng·t that noll a reoouti OD o~ aituatiOD 1D tbe iatemal pla oooun at tlle le'ftl wbioh is eaaeatil.l.l;r -.n abe­ tract tlam ~omat1.oa process. ~t ~01"­ -ti.OD&l 110de=he nb~eot abavacta ld.uelt boa pve unal prc)puotiea o~ ob~eota, ~or e~ ~L~ aolYiq a o.beu problea, thi ~~.~~&pe ot oh.ua 'biabop atQ1D8 on tu board ukea a'baolutel;r DO cl1tteriaoe to Ida. koh o~ tbe ~c eleMDta ot a1 tuatiOD 1· allotted ft.rat o~ aU 1D iDtoJ:U.ti.cmal aspect w:lth tbe abillt;r to IIOTe 1D tlae statio .,.t ·· SUch a abill t;r prone hoa tbe Te1!7 out­ set to be rather aa abstract concept.al characteristic. !he 110del ot soae or other eleMnt o~ a 81 tu.tiOD 1a ...,. '· .bead ·brae· the aultipllci t;r o~ oha.rao­ terJ.stioa o~ this eleaent which oa be cba.racterJ.zed u ita conceptual spa.. ID probla aol't'iDa the 110clela ot eleilenta 1Dteract w:lth each other, 1D ot~ words, conceptu.l 8p8D8p tor eDII,Ple, ot two eleaenta 1Dteracv, sc that one e18Uilt becoaea a pre41ca1ie ot 8DOther. !hoe 1a­ teract1.0D o~ 811Ch ld.Dcl between tlae 110clela o~ a1 tuation el·ents 1D probla aol'fiza8 CaD be oha.racterJ.sed u a rela­ tion between these 110dela.

!he probla sol'tiDs process CaD be p.nseated u a procesa o~ the coutruo­ tion ot conceptual 110clels o~ situation eleaents (aitua1d.onal concepts) ad ot the tomation ot s;ratema ot rel.ati.OD8 between t~. !'his activit,- is, honver, a controlled OOJrPOUDt o~ tbe probl.ea sol't'iDa process. !he nuaber ot wlaaracte­ riati.cs wbioh aa;r be renaled 1D aoae or other aituatiou, aDd tbe zwaber o~ relatiou wb.ich can be eatabllahed between el·ents ot tl:d.s situation is, aa a rale, potatial.l:r "r8r7 great. fte prea·ce ot the regulator, wb.ich cU.reota a oopitin proceaa 1a nae or other ~, ia cl'aaract· ristio ot hlaan intelleotu.l. aoti'rit;r. ! !hie regulator ia a pal ot acti'ri.t;r wb.ich is ooded 1A teaa ot relatiou bet­ wea aituation eleaents. Innst1gat1ou into the ps;rcholos;r ot th1nlr1ng teatib to the taot that pal tr8D8to1'11B.t10A at the 41tterellt stage· ot atateaent Gel ao­ lutiOA ot a probla 1s characteriatio ot am·a 1Atelleotual aoti'ri.t;r. !'.bia ..,_ ld.oa ot pal11a7 be o'beenecl OA tlle e~ lea otwell bow clleaa prob-.. ~ 1A1tial aituatioa 1· dna 1A tlaeae problAu aa a aet ot aeparate eleacta aitu.tecl oa tlae obeas boarcl ftleda. Sia11lt-..ul;r with euoh a aituatiOA, the i.Aitial pal is tiacllator inatance, to ..U the aate to the b ob 1n. three 110na. In such a :tomulat10A ot tbe pal, 1u1orut1ou abo·t tile COAcrete aotiona are 110t st.no1 tlut aub~eot 1a cm1;r in.tomecl about rela­ tiou 1n. which t:be oheu tiprea aut be :to111Lcl 1A the tiDal aituatiOA. Ill t.be oovae ot aolutiOil, tl:d.a 1A1 t1al pal relaticm UD.derpea ohan6ee; 1n. th1a cue the ooUD.te~~-prooeu is tald.n.g plaoea a. to the ooutruot1oa o:t a1 tu.tioul oon­ oepte,_ tlae 1n1tial pal1a tnutoaecl into u. OODCHte a;yat· ot relationa ntch are esa·tial tor the st. na a1 tu.­ t:ioa. u a renl.t ot tJae a1tu.t1oa Mdel­ lina prooeea, tlae ocmcrete a1tu.t1cmal pal eppearai! tor ·-.le, not to sin tlle poUila:l ~o tlae lr::t.Jic ot aa acln:r­ IMZ7 ot retrea oa oend.D t1el4a ot t:U oheu boarcl. t is thia aituaticmal pal that s1 na birth to a IIMD8 ot 1 ta aold.eY.t.Dg - a certain. aeqaaoe ot opera­ tiou wblch IIUt leacl to tlae t1u1 a1 na­ tion oo1'J:'U1)0Ad:lng to t:U aet 1a1. tial pal. When lhia tiDal 81 tu.tioa 1a aoJd.e­ ncl, the probla 1s aolncl. It the ee­ quaoe ot operationa cloea aot leacl to t:be neceasar;r reault, a new eituatiOAal pal 1a oonatruoted md a De1r seC}1*lce ot ope­ ratiou oorreepondiDg to th1a pal 1a toaecl.

!llu, .... dealina with t:be sal tomation prooeu in h.aD aoti'ri. , one aboulcl bear ilL llind .regular1t1ee o ap­ pearance o:t two palea 1Ait1al and a1W.­ at1ou.l. !lie regulariti .. ot situatiOAal pal toru.t1o.u oa be traoecl em tlae baaia o:t aater.l.ala ot the pa;rohDlog ot think­ ing. It 1a auoh IIOH c:f~oatecl to aa­ oertain how the h-.n oarriea out a in.clapad&t to:ru.tiOA o a 1n1 tial pal. !lie repl.ari t:iea ot eaerglpg ot tld.a pal em t.be buia ot in.de.Pelldat ao­ t1 'ri.t;r are ut 18t reYealecl, alnoe the aoat apreacl 110clel ilL tu ps;roholos;r ot th1nk1ns 1a tlae e::q>eriaent 1A wb.ich ·· temal. IJI)al toru.tioa takes place - the 1n1 tial goal 1· put betore the aub~eot :troa the outeide. In thia oonneotioa, both tor the pa;roho].c)g;r ot tb1nlr1as aad tor o;rbernetioa intellectual proc ... es whioJa lead the m-an being to a independ.ct atat--t ot tlut problla, or, 1n. other wo~ 1 to an in.clependc~ tol'll&td.OA ot tlut iD.iual pal are ot special inte­ rest. It is the presence ot t:beae prooea­ sea that pel.'llit one apeak about intellec­ tual activi.t;r proper.

~s aho· that iD.itial soal :torsatioa UD4er the intlllotiD.oe ot DM4a Gel ·t1 na ocov.p1ea a great place 1n. h-.. act1T1t;r. Ill tld.a cue tlut 1D1t1al ~al eppeara aa a renlt ot ooald.Ja&t1oa Ot IIOtl'Yation eD.Scderecl b7 Deecl (tor inataoe, str.l.n tor tlut aatiataotio.u ot hUDpr or tl:d.rst) 8D4 un·a put e::q>er.l.­ ence.

JDother Tar1et7 ot pal tomatioa :t1a4a 11;a e::rpreaaioa 1n. the efteot ot · iAUJ)endat atat--t ot the problea. IlL tld.· prooeas tlaere 1· · liU: wld.ch 1· 1A a certain .... op))08ecl to tu cl:lrMt tomat1oa ot a1tuat1oaal palia pzoblea aol'Y1na. It the aituatioul ral tuu out to be a OODOHtisation o tlut iaitial pal, t!a& tlut ia~t~ atatecl prob­ la appeara aa a trauitiOD haa the le­ nl o~ 1A1 t1al pal ngute4 tJ.oaa tu outaide to hirer aacl MH abaU'aot le­ nla. Ola.l:r ~ er auoh a liMP~. the iatelleotu.l proo··· paaaea oa to t:be unal tol'IU.t1oa ot a 81 taat1onal pal.

Ill'Yiator' · aoti?it;r ~ aen. u a 9Pioal eU~~ple ot :bow e:duu.l pal tomatioa paaaM oa to a 1n.4e.U.1; atateaat ot the P1"' 'blla. Ill tld.a caM tJae 1nit1al palla on. ngeatecl to the inTentor b;r a ounoaer haa tJae oU'ti8148 ilL tlut tom, tor e:u.ple, !t a tuk · 1Jo autou.tiH a oertaia 1D4uU'l.al epe­ rat1oa. On the baa18 ot a ~ ot world.za« r=-·· 1n. tJa.e a.tteND.t ..__ oluta of U71 tlae 1a.._1Jor ntuM tlle goal nae·M« ~ tiLe o·iiai .. aa4 })ZOP08M Jd.a o· 'YV81oa ot the atate­ il&t and. tlut aolutioa ot 1JM pzo'bl:L u a 1'M11l.t o~ 1da1ch not a 8Q&rate ot the iad.utrial. 8;J8t_, bQt tlae 8;yBt- .. a whole 1a opt11d.secl.

!M iAdependat atat--t ot tile pro'blla 41ttera haa the una1 tol'll&id.oa ot tlut a1 tuat10Dal goal b7 the U'aaiti­ oa to a MH abataot le'ftl ot OOD814e­ rat10A, which bean the t1tle ot senen.­ llsatiOA 1n. ps;robolos;r, !bat 1s wto- the prooeas ot incle.Peadat stat--t ot a problea, which la oharacter1at1o ot Jd.sh­ er to1'118 ot 1Atelleotu.l aoti'Yit;r, 11&7 be charaoterisecl aa a geuralisiDIIJO&l toaatio.u. Tld.s 1s alrea~ a in.temal pal :toaation. It ia \18U&ll:r obDeoted witJa huaa work 1a aneral o'b,;ieot t1el48 8D4 is a reault o~ vauter of relat1ou t1"'0l one ob~eot t1el4 to another .·

Ot course both toDUt ot ·erscoe ot tlut in.temal. pal in m.an aoti'ri.t;r (Mti n.ted md generalizilt& &Qal to1'11&­ t1GD.8) appe~ u a 11111 'tY, beoaNe there 1s a lmi~ o:t resaJ,.&t1ofl o:t~IIO'C1Tat10D&l file auaarisiq book o~ P. Jmft ad ··llale17 cle-.oted to the a.a~a o~ ·711t .. poaaesaiDs p~aetabutu1 ::Jield =­ tld.As DeW 1a pr.t,aoip~ in pa;ro.raolos;r ad c:rberDetica about pal ~oraatioa. ID oo.­ pl.ete oone:rDduLce 1d.tb. tlae priaoiplea o~ beha'f'ior .J. pa70]1olog;r, the purpoae:tal ·~t· ia coiUiideNd 1D. o;ld.a work u a uobaioal ·~t· poaHaaiiLs o~ oertaliL structural ad :tuD.otioiLal poaalb1l1t1 ... ne eztemal ~0 charaoteriatioa 0~ tld.a a~t· ooaectecl 1d.th tll.e clloice o~ a beharto:ral pattem lea411Lg to a certaiD. result are eas·tial. J.t this approach, the ab1l1t;r oA&l"aoteriatio o~ 11811. to bu­ ild illtem&l OOJLOeptaal ·cJ.ela 0~ 8Ul"Z01D­ cl1D.s world ia 110t oouielarect at all.Aa a renlt, it t1D.'IUI out to be t:U.t pal ~o.r­ aatioa &JL&l,sed ilL c~tica is a ·~ temal pal ~oraatioa ia a ·Teaent ilL the apace o~ soala ;blch is set be~oreh­ hall.d and ~oJ.'II8 a rea~ aue.

Soae ps;rohologlcal regularities o~ soal ~oraatioa revealed ilL the ~18 o~ lmaan MD. tal acti 'Y1 t;r aq be ud ilL world.q out o~ tile t.beor.Je a o~ c;rbemetio s~teaa poaaessiDa pzoperti .. o~ acti"Yit;r ad autoDO~q. ~r iutuoe, the 110dell11Ls 0~ 11Ltemal &Qal ~O.l'llatiOIL (oharacteria­ t:lo o~ huuA beiq) 1D cJMmetioa pre­ su;p~Ha a uae o~ ·--tic l.an«uce pe.r­ Jii tt11L8 a aeuWasf'ul decriptioa ..r! thin a c;rbemetic ·~t· o~ the ucU.ua ilL wld.ch the beha"Yiour o~ a o;rbemetio s711t· auat be ~omed.

Let us d·ll liPOIL the characteristic o~ this laJLp.ap JIOH ilL detail. ~ ba­ sis o~ ··atio l.aJlgaage is a amotio 8D8ader1Dg s;rat· IIIII! tatiDa processes o~ ro:naatioJL, geural1:aat101L8 &JLd trans­ romatiou (-;ran.epodt101L8) or relatiou. The operatioD&l part o~ the s;rat· appear romalb aa three sets a (X,R~�), where X is a set o~ baaio ooJLoepts; Jt ia a set o~ the baaio 'b:1ILar;r rel&tiou betweeJL comoeptaa G is a set o~ the rules or ror­ utioJL 0~ der1 Tati Te OOILCepta wbc tpals

-.zop. ~ OOIBCepta o~ uteal lacuap such .. woru, e:ias101L8, actaoea, ete. , oharaote.ris the ··t pural. peouliaritiea o~ taao OD1Ds o~ ob~eota wtd.OJl aft esactial ~OJ:' tpal appearaoe pla;r a zo~ o~ buio coJLoepta. ~r iu­ taJLOe, ilL the probla o~ sea r.rt 0011.trol aucb. coJLoepta are ~r-5e" 1 ato:rebouae, "hi~, "roadatead", oaootqe harbo­ ur" etc. file -.ooabul.ar;r o~ ba81o ooa­ oepta ~or a l.erp ··· port oontaiu abo­ ut 1000 ccmoepta o~ the 11lcJioatecl k:t.Dd. De -.ooabul..ary o~ coacepts depa48 OIL reqaired ooapl.eteuaa 8ILd. preo11d.OJL o~ the descriptiOll o~ a controlled object. hr iiLStaoe, control oYer a separate naael is comaeoted 1d. tb. the uoeaa:l t;r o~ U.v!Dg a deta1~4 deacr:lptiOll o~ ooJL­ cepta oharacte1'1&1Da the atruotve o~ a nssel. Such a deacr1pti01L beco·· ,._ uoesaar;r ill oaae o~ control O"f'U' s..,._ ral nuela. Here it ia the OOJLOepta re­ lated to aaiD.teDaDCe-teclmical oharaote­ riatioa o~ nuela tat p~ a illpo~ tat role, i.e. the ch.aracteriatioa wbioh dete1'1111Le treuport rsa1bll1t1 .. 0~ a Teasel, the deptee o :tJJiusa to the per­ ~o1'11&1loe o~ loacU.Da-UilloacU..Da works, eto. Slaoe ill eaoh olus o~ 0011.trolled BJ'fl­ t.. (~or euap~, the olasa o~ sea F the probllaa aolncl are o~ the aae e, the -.ooalnalar;r o~ bade oo.uoepta bail ~or OIL8 s~t- aa;r be ued 1d. ~h 1 natp1ftoat ohalt.8e· ~or &llOt:ber a~t· o~ tld.s olua.

De eleaenta o~ the set ll characte­ rise apatio-t.:porLl aJld other relat1011.8 wbioh are established between cOllCepta ilL pzoblea aobiq. ~r iJLSt&llOe, a "ob~eot X is a part o~ m ob~eot I"1 aJL "ob~eot X is c el.eatmt o~ a clue I"& 8D4 "o~ aeot X IIO'Y88 to-.rds aa ob~eot I"; c objeot X ia situated onr c obieot Y witllout be1q ooat:lpou with 11; , etc. .U cU.st1aplahed boca tlle baaio OOllOepta, tlle 'buio relati01l8 are o~ a JIOZ'e UDiTC"­ sal ohal'&cter ad praoticall;r diO DOt olla­ se wheD. !:aias oa :troa tlle solutiOll o~ 01le pzob to aother. !he results o~ ~18 o~ ~ COllorete oo11.trol pro~ ~ ilL the cU.fferet cluau ~ ooaplex a;rat.a (teclmioal, aooio-eoo.-io, b1o­ lodoal, etc.) allowed a coa11Dit;r o~ re­ lai101l8 used ill tba. u a renlt, a 11Di­ nraal -.ooa~ of bade relatioll8 oon­ ta1 n1 "S about 200 elea81lta was coutruc­ ted. !be cler1Tat:ln concepts are ~oraed troll the basic ooDcepta ad buio rela­ t101l8 ilL te1'118 o~ tuee 8Jl881lde:r1:D.g sr·­ aaraa oorrelatio~. oategorial ad tr&ll8~oraatiollal. '1'll1s semantic language ... used ~or deaoribtDg the goal ~oma­ tiOJL process w:beD controll..in8 oyer in­ dustrial '818t ...

~ set or Jlicrogoals of the pro bl· to be solved is euaaerated ilL t81'1U o~ correlatiOll gz.o...ar. The idea o~ el!PHs­ ai.D6 the seJLSe or oo11.cept b;r the set o~ ·ther ooJLcepta which are ilL certain re­ latiou to a certaiD. coJLcept aclerl1ea this gr8111U.r. ~r iDStance, the concept "cargo hatch" is 1D the siaplest c .. e ~ed as a set o~ concetaa "qu.4ragu­ lar deck opeDiDg" and a "device ~or her­ aetic ahutt:t+fwbich are 1D relatiou to the dete ceDcept, re~ectiTe­ bs an "ob=ect X s an elelleat o~ a class Y" and an ob~ect X haa 1D ita COIIpOsi­ tion a ob~ect Y". ~1'1lalq the pU. are w:ritteD do· 1D teras o~ s;,ntapatic c.ha1D8 represeatiDa a e:rpression o~ the ~oUow1Dg Jd.D.ds

<xa r; ~> 1\ ··· "<X: 72xi>A .. "'*~~>

where i,~,u are tbe orders o~ deZ'iTatioa o~ concep1ia, arrow-. , 4- 1Dd:l.cate tlle orientation o~ relatiou. Ow:l.Ds to the ~act the real relatiou betwen objects o~ the problAa to be 801Ted are refleo­ tediA the atru.cnre o~ pal H1Dc u ita ._.., t:be adepc;r ia 8II8UH4 o~ tlae atruwre o~ goa1 to the atru.otve o~ 81tuatioa. !he n.lea o~ output 1 1D teas o~ wld.ch the aet o~ lli01"0&D&.L8 ia ...... rated, are w:ritteD do· 1D a;,ntapatio oAaiu 1D ftich tihe ele118Uta ,..1 ..1 ya pla;r a role o~ o'b~eot Taria~~~ ~· · · ""n lea. !rhe ~oraaticm o~ relatiou betwea baaic concepts ia broupt about em the bu:l.s o~ structural idallt1fioat1oa o~ concepts aDd object Tariablea. U there ia a rule x.,r;12, where X, ia a "passen­

ger ship", ~ is a ·tree paueapr IIOor­ age", r 1 aeab that aD "ob~eot X.,.,... to-.rda a o'b~ect I" t:beD oae o~ the possible goal.e, wbich aa;r be ~omecl with the aiel o~ t.bia rape' iaa x.~ax~.!. 1lhere X. a "Paaaenpr a.bip "Bwtata , x 1a a "tree paaaapr 110orage", e1Doe & oon­ cepts X., ~ ban structural entr;r1Ato the condepti 11· X~, reapect1Teq.

!rhe rul.ea o~ goal ~oru.tioa are de­ te1'111Decl1A teDL8 o~ the clasaN o~ ocm­ oepta oharaoteris1q pro blea requ1reaeata. !he structure ot concepts be1Dg a part ot rv.lea ot ~oraation o~ goala 1D a aea port control probla oontaiDa the 1Dto1'­ aat1oa about oarso, the teolmoloslcal. acheae ot ita proceaai.Da 1Datru.ot10D8 about the W1ll &Dd aetbo&. o~ worlr:a, etc. fte n·ber o~ rules ot correlaticma sra­ aar tor real 'big a78t_. control probl.-8 (transport, co.:puter, 1Dduatr1a1, etc. ) reaches aeTeral lml14recla. !rhe ~oraal ooa­ pariaon ot tu structures ot soala oon­ at.ructecl ill correlation graaar pemita an aacert·1·ea.t ot t.be character ot lo­ st-cal CODDeoticma betwea soala ad a OOAat.ructioa or atru.otural.-eqai Talat claas .. ot soala. !r.be coutru.ot101l ot oluaea ot goals ia brousht about 1A te1'1l8 ot oatesorial sraaar. !rhe idea ot coa'b:I.Dation 1D one class o~ goal.e haT1.Dg a111ilar trapcts accurate to iaa.orphi· aclerl1ecl tld.a gr-..r. !rhe cbaracteria­ tic o~ the claaa 1a the generalized a~ ture (aacrogoal) eatering into the attruD­ ture o~ each goal o~ the class. De aao­ rogoala are ~omed 1D coaputer a.or;r aa a result ot prograa o~ gu.eral1sat1cma aD4 dec1a10DS -de on coaputer b;r MD krlotd.D.g the control goal ad the nal.ua­ ti.,.. tUDct101lal corn8p01lcl1Da to this goal. ~ aa.eration ot aeqaa.oea o~ S: 1 t:i.;::iti: ~~mflo: 3'-!~. illterrala ia carried o·t 1A te.aa o~ tr.utomatiOil sr-.r. !rhe rules 0~ ouaut repreast au'blltitutiou ot t.be ld.D 11-+ x~, where 11· xj are soala.

1'he rule ia oou14are4 as applied to tlae goal :Ia., i~ X haa ·tr7 1Ato %.,.. fte re­ al1sattcm o~ the rule la 'No~ about b;r tu aubat1 tuti011 ot L tor X · 1'.be process o~ tranatoraatid ot go~la 1A · a real pro b'-- oonti.Du.. a till tlle next goal h1 ta the clua fi:ad betofthaad or tlae aet 1aterTal. ot e:a:aqolatioA i· e:a.utecl. file toJ.'IIed H~e ot eoala plull a role ot prob'-- aolnq. De ooabol.li.Da o-rer obi::.ta· nc:la ··quae·· corzreapoacl to the p ot :tullotiodilae ot ob~ecta at aet tille 1Atenala. IA the pJ."'Ce88 0~ 1"e&l1S&t101l ot a ~laD OD a real ob~eot, the 41ttercce · t1.:ad betwen the real a1 tuatioll &lid tlle a1 tu­ at101L toJ.'IIed 1D the ~. I~ t!d.a ~ereDoe eaeea. a Hi lli.aita.te, taa the oorreotion or tlae pla !a 11&48. a.a­ ~18 allow that tlle ue o~ a..-tio laCUP peait· · ·~··· 1A o7beaae­ t1o p&J. ~Ol."'l&tiOD IIOdal.l.iDc, i.e. peraita a reoout1tut1oa et -. euctial teat1aru ot 1Dtemal pal tomat1oa.

~ real1sat1oa ot a..atio lapa­ ge em a OOIIpV.ter ia 'bNap· abo·t ill teas o~ a 110clule 87Bt· ot aathaat1oal. proT.l.aiOD. This &711t· is used at pre·eat ~or aol~blella o~ control oftl' cowplex o'b ecta 1 t.be tom.atioa ot data bake ~or noa--plr1ns, tlle pneral1sed 110dela ot extemalworl4, 1atepal. robots, etc. 1'he aoo-.lated e21)eriello· 1A aain.tenan.oe ot tld.· ·~t· te·t1t1u to ita n:tfic1ent etftc1enc;r and 111d.Te1'­ aallt;r. file "YViable part ot the ·Jat·, when puaiq em to a new olau ot pJ."''b-1_., uJtea 1JI) 20J' on the aftl'age.

Bet @'!Pot·

1. l:bkoT Yu.I. ae.ioticlaeU::I.e ODO't7 a:ltaataionnogo vpraTleni;ra. 11., Isd. IIDI, 1974.
2. PoapeloT D. A. , Pu.bkln V .I · Jba~e i a~t;r. 11., "Sontalr.oe radio", 1972.
3. Pnabld n V .I'. Operat1 YDOe IQ'IIhl.81e T 'bolah1Jrb aiat..ub.. 11., ~ersl;ra", 196,5.