{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Beyond Top-1: Addressing Inconsistencies in Evaluating Counterfactual Explanations for Recommender Systems (Extended Abstract)","authors":[{"name":"Amir Reza Mohammadi","slug":"amir-reza-mohammadi","given":"Amir Reza","family":"Mohammadi","affiliation":"University of Innsbruck"},{"name":"Andreas Peintner","slug":"andreas-peintner","given":"Andreas","family":"Peintner","affiliation":"University of Innsbruck"},{"name":"Michael M. Müller","slug":"michael-m-muller","given":"Michael M.","family":"Müller","affiliation":"University of Innsbruck"},{"name":"Eva Zangerle","slug":"eva-zangerle","given":"Eva","family":"Zangerle","affiliation":"University of Innsbruck"}],"abstract":"Counterfactual explanations have become an important paradigm for improving the transparency of machine learning models by showing how small input changes can alter model outputs. While substantial progress has been made in generating such explanations, their evaluation remains insufficiently standardized, particularly for systems that produce ranked outputs rather than single-label predictions. Existing evaluation protocols in recommender systems commonly focus only on whether the top-1 recommendation changes after perturbation. We argue that this practice can lead to inconsistent and misleading conclusions, as the relative ranking of explanation methods may vary with changes in the quality of the underlying model.\r\n\r\nIn this work, we revisit the evaluation of counterfactual explanations from a ranking perspective. We propose extending top-1 evaluation to list-wise top-k protocols that assess explanation effectiveness across multiple highly ranked outputs. Through experiments on multiple datasets, recommender architectures, and explanation methods, we show that top-k evaluation substantially improves consistency and yields more reliable comparisons between competing explainers. Our findings highlight a broader methodological lesson for explainable AI: when models return ranked results, explanation quality should be assessed using ranking-aware evaluation protocols rather than top-1 criteria alone.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2026/926","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/926","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/0926.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/926.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/bibtex/926","volume":{"slug":"2026","title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2026","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/","year":2026,"location":"Bremen, Germany","dates":"15-21 August 2026","editors":"Diego Calvanese","isbn":"978-1-956792-09-6","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2026"},"section":"Sister Conferences Best Papers","track":"Sister Conferences Best Papers","number":926,"pages":{"first":8278,"last":8283},"keywords":["AI Ethics, Trust, Fairnes: Explainability and interpretability"],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"[Abdi et al., 2018] Mohamed Hussein Abdi, George Onyango Okeyo, and Ronald Waweru Mwangi. 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