---
title: "Learning Tree Automata with Term Rewriting"
authors:
  - "Jakub Kopystiański"
  - "Jan Otop"
doi: "10.24963/ijcai.2026/437"
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/437"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2026/0437.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 2026
pages: "3926-3934"
track: "Main Track"
keywords:
  - "Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Automated reasoning and theorem proving"
  - "Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Learning and reasoning"
---

# Learning Tree Automata with Term Rewriting

Jakub Kopystiański, Jan Otop

*Proceedings of the Thirty-Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 3926-3934. DOI: [10.24963/ijcai.2026/437](https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2026/437)

## Abstract

We present an extension of the Angluin-style learning algorithm for tree automata that incorporates deductive inference. 
The learning algorithm is provided with a term rewriting system that specifies properties of the target tree language (e.g., the order of subtrees under a symbol f is irrelevant). 
This term rewriting system is used to infer answers to some queries, which reduces the query complexity of the learning algorithm. 
We present examples of rewrite systems that express natural properties of tree-structured data, which yield a significant reduction in the number of queries.