Two-Stage Fine-Grained Trajectory Generation Constrained by Road Networks

Abstract

Trajectory generation is a pivotal technique for mitigating data sparsity, but existing methods struggle to simultaneously achieve strict road network alignment and capture realistic movement characteristics. To bridge this gap, we propose RNTrajGen, a two-stage fine-grained trajectory generation framework constrained by road networks. Specifically, we first develop a Road Network Knowledge-Enhanced Encoder (RNKEE) to provide semantically rich representations for trajectory generation. By leveraging graph attention networks, RNKEE encodes static prior knowledge of the road network while integrating self-supervised learning to extract latent movement patterns from real-world trajectories. Subsequently, RNTrajGen follows a two-stage generation strategy: it first generates a sequence of road segments to ensure strict topological alignment, and then infers the moving ratios of trajectory points along road segments to capture fine-grained movement characteristics. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that RNTrajGen significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, and the generated trajectories exhibit high utility in downstream prediction tasks. Our code is available at https://github.com/jkzh986/RNTrajGen.