---
title: "MS-DPPs: Multi-Source Determinantal Point Processes for Contextual Diversity Refinement of Composite Attributes in Text to Image Retrieval"
authors:
  - "Naoya Sogi"
  - "Takashi Shibata"
  - "Makoto Terao"
  - "Masanori Suganuma"
  - "Takayuki Okatani"
doi: "10.24963/ijcai.2025/207"
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2025/207"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2025/0207.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 2025
pages: "1856-1864"
track: "Main Track"
keywords:
  - "Computer Vision: CV: Machine learning for vision"
  - "Computer Vision: CV: Applications and Systems"
  - "Computer Vision: CV: Image and video retrieval"
---

# MS-DPPs: Multi-Source Determinantal Point Processes for Contextual Diversity Refinement of Composite Attributes in Text to Image Retrieval

Naoya Sogi, Takashi Shibata, Makoto Terao, Masanori Suganuma, Takayuki Okatani

*Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 1856-1864. DOI: [10.24963/ijcai.2025/207](https://doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2025/207)

## Abstract

Result diversification (RD) is a crucial technique in Text-to-Image Retrieval for enhancing the efficiency of a practical application. Conventional methods focus solely on increasing the diversity metric of image appearances. However, the diversity metric and its desired value vary depending on the application, which limits the applications of RD. This paper proposes a novel task called CDR-CA (Contextual Diversity Refinement of Composite Attributes). CDR-CA aims to refine the diversities of multiple attributes, according to the application's context. To address this task, we propose Multi-Source DPPs, a simple yet strong baseline that extends the Determinantal Point Process (DPP) to multi-sources. We model MS-DPP as a single DPP model with a unified similarity matrix based on a manifold representation. We also introduce Tangent Normalization to reflect contexts.
Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.