{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"A Conflict-Embedded Narrative Generation Using Commonsense Reasoning","authors":[{"name":"Youngrok Song","slug":"youngrok-song","given":"Youngrok","family":"Song","affiliation":"Department of AI , SungkyunKwan University"},{"name":"Gunhee Cho","slug":"gunhee-cho","given":"Gunhee","family":"Cho","affiliation":"Department of AI , SungkyunKwan University"},{"name":"HyunJu Kim","slug":"hyunju-kim","given":"HyunJu","family":"Kim","affiliation":""},{"name":"Youngjune Kim","slug":"youngjune-kim","given":"Youngjune","family":"Kim","affiliation":""},{"name":"Byung-Chull Bae","slug":"byung-chull-bae","given":"Byung-Chull","family":"Bae","affiliation":"School of Games , Hongik University"},{"name":"Yun-Gyung Cheong","slug":"yun-gyung-cheong","given":"Yun-Gyung","family":"Cheong","affiliation":"Department of AI , SungkyunKwan University"}],"abstract":"Conflict is a critical element in the narrative, inciting dramatic tension. This paper introduces CNGCI (Conflict-driven Narrative Generation through Commonsense Inference), a neuro-symbolic framework designed to generate coherent stories embedded with conflict using commonsense inference. Our framework defines narrative conflict by leveraging the concept of a soft causal threat, where conflict serves as an obstacle that reduces the likelihood of achieving the protagonist's goal by weakening the causal link between context and goal through defeasible inference. Comparative studies against multiple story generation baselines utilizing commonsense reasoning show that our framework outperforms the baselines in creating narratives that distinctly embody conflict while maintaining coherency.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2024/857","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/857","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/0857.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/857.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/bibtex/857","volume":{"slug":"2024","title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2024","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/","year":2024,"location":"Jeju, Korea","dates":"3-9 August 2024","editors":"Kate Larson","isbn":"978-1-956792-04-1","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2024"},"section":"AI, Arts & Creativity","track":"AI, Arts & Creativity","number":857,"pages":{"first":7744,"last":7752},"keywords":["Application domains: Text, literature and creative language","Theory and philosophy of arts and creativity in AI systems: Autonomous creative or artistic AI","Theory and philosophy of arts and creativity in AI systems: Computational paradigms, architectures and models for creativity"],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"[Ammanabrolu et al., 2021] Prithviraj Ammanabrolu, Wes- ley Cheung, William Broniec, and Mark O. Riedl. Auto- mated storytelling via causal, commonsense plot ordering. In AAAI, 2021.","title":"Automated storytelling via causal, commonsense plot ordering","authors":"Prithviraj Ammanabrolu, Wesley Cheung, William Broniec, Mark O Riedl","year":"2021","venue":"AAAI","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":2,"raw":"[Barber and Kudenko, 2008] Heather Barber and Daniel Ku- denko. Generation of dilemma-based interactive narra- tives with a changeable story goal. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on INtelligent TEch- nologies for Interactive EnterTAINment, INTETAIN '08, Brussels, BEL, 2008. ICST (Institute for Computer Sci- ences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engi- neering).","title":"Generation of dilemma-based interactive narratives with a changeable story goal","authors":"Heather Barber, Daniel Kudenko","year":"2008","venue":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on INtelligent TEchnologies for Interactive EnterTAINment, INTETAIN '08","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":3,"raw":"[Bosselut et al., 2019] Antoine Bosselut, Hannah Rashkin, Maarten Sap, Chaitanya Malaviya, Asli C ¸elikyilmaz, and Yejin Choi. Comet: Commonsense transformers for automatic knowledge graph construction. ArXiv, abs/1906.05317, 2019.","title":"Comet: Commonsense transformers for automatic knowledge graph construction","authors":"Antoine Bosselut, Hannah Rashkin, Maarten Sap, Chaitanya Malaviya, Yejin Choi","year":"2019","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":4,"raw":"[Cho et al., 2022] JinUk Cho, MinSu Jeong, JinYeong Bak, and Yun-Gyung Cheong. Genre-controllable story gen- eration via supervised contrastive learning. In Proceed- ings of the ACM Web Conference 2022, WWW '22, page 2839-2849, New York, NY, USA, 2022. Association for Computing Machinery. [Field, 2005] Syd Field. Screenplay: The Foundations of Screenwriting. A Delta book. Delta Trade Paperbacks, 2005.","title":"Genre-controllable story generation via supervised contrastive learning","authors":"Cho","year":"2005","venue":"The Foundations of Screenwriting. A Delta book","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":5,"raw":"[Fleiss, 1971] Joseph L. Fleiss. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychological Bulletin, 76:378-382, 1971.","title":"Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters","authors":"Joseph L Fleiss","year":"1971","venue":"Psychological Bulletin","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":6,"raw":"[Franceschelli and Musolesi, 2023] Giorgio Franceschelli and Mirco Musolesi. On the creativity of large language models. ArXiv, abs/2304.00008, 2023.","title":"Giorgio Franceschelli and Mirco Musolesi. On the creativity of large language models","authors":"Musolesi Franceschelli","year":"2023","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":7,"raw":"[Gervás et al., 2023] Pablo Gervás, Gonzalo Méndez, and Eugenio Concepción. Evolutionary combination of con- nected event schemas into meaningful plots. Genetic Pro- gramming and Evolvable Machines, 24:1-38, 2023.","title":"Pablo Gervás, Gonzalo Méndez, and Eugenio Concepción. Evolutionary combination of connected event schemas into meaningful plots","authors":"Gervás","year":"2023","venue":"Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":8,"raw":"[Gervás, 2009] Pablo Gervás. Computational approaches to storytelling and creativity. AI Mag., 30:49-62, 2009.","title":"Pablo Gervás. Computational approaches to storytelling and creativity","authors":"Gervás","year":"2009","venue":"AI Mag","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":9,"raw":"[Guan et al., 2019] Jian Guan, Yansen Wang, and Minlie Huang. Story ending generation with incremental encod- ing and commonsense knowledge. In AAAI, 2019.","title":"Story ending generation with incremental encoding and commonsense knowledge","authors":"Jian Guan, Yansen Wang, Minlie Huang","year":"2019","venue":"AAAI","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":10,"raw":"[Holtzmann, 2016] Petra Holtzmann. Routledge encyclope- dia of narrative theory. 2016.","title":"Routledge encyclopedia of narrative theory","authors":"Petra Holtzmann","year":"2016","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":11,"raw":"[Hwang et al., 2021] Jena D. Hwang, Chandra Bhagavatula, Ronan Le Bras, Jeff Da, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Antoine Bosselut, and Yejin Choi. Comet-atomic 2020: On sym- bolic and neural commonsense knowledge graphs. In AAAI, 2021.","title":"Comet-atomic 2020: On symbolic and neural commonsense knowledge graphs","authors":"Jena D Hwang, Chandra Bhagavatula, Le Ronan, Jeff Bras, Keisuke Da, Antoine Sakaguchi, Yejin Bosselut, Choi","year":"2021","venue":"AAAI","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":12,"raw":"[Hyun, 2022] Jiwung Hyun. Extracting protagonist emo- tional arcs using deeplearning based commonsense rea- soning model. Sungkyunkwan Univ. Master's thesis, 2022.","title":"Extracting protagonist emotional arcs using deeplearning based commonsense reasoning model","authors":"Hyun ;, Jiwung Hyun","year":"2022","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":13,"raw":"[Mateas and Stern, 2003] Michael Mateas and Andrew Stern. Fac ¸ade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama. In Game Developers Conference (GDC'03), 2003.","title":"Fac ¸ade: An experiment in building a fully-realized interactive drama","authors":"Stern ; Mateas, Michael Mateas, Andrew Stern","year":"2003","venue":"Game Developers Conference (GDC'03)","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":14,"raw":"[Mostafazadeh et al., 2016] N. Mostafazadeh, Nathanael Chambers, Xiaodong He, Devi Parikh, Dhruv Batra, Lucy Vanderwende, Pushmeet Kohli, and James F. Allen. A corpus and cloze evaluation for deeper understanding of commonsense stories. In NAACL, 2016.","title":"A corpus and cloze evaluation for deeper understanding of commonsense stories","authors":"N Mostafazadeh, Nathanael Chambers, Xiaodong He, Devi Parikh, Dhruv Batra, Lucy Vanderwende, Pushmeet Kohli, James F Allen","year":"2016","venue":"NAACL","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":15,"raw":"[Peng et al., 2021] Xiangyu Peng, Siyan Li, Sarah Wiegr- effe, and Mark O. Riedl. Inferring the reader: Guiding automated story generation with commonsense reasoning. ArXiv, abs/2105.01311, 2021.","title":"Inferring the reader: Guiding automated story generation with commonsense reasoning","authors":"Xiangyu Peng, Siyan Li, Sarah Wiegreffe, Mark O Riedl","year":"2021","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":16,"raw":"[Porteous and Cavazza, 2009] Julie Porteous and Marc Cavazza. Controlling narrative generation with planning trajectories: The role of constraints. In Ido A. Iurgel, Nelson Zagalo, and Paolo Petta, editors, Interactive Storytelling, pages 234-245, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.","title":"Controlling narrative generation with planning trajectories: The role of constraints","authors":"Cavazza ; Porteous, Julie Porteous, Marc Cavazza","year":"2009","venue":"Interactive Storytelling","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":17,"raw":"[Pérez and Sharples, 2001] Rafael Pérez and Mike Sharples. Mexica: A computer model of a cognitive account of cre- ative writing. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Ar- tificial Intelligence, 13(2):119-139, 2001.","title":"Mexica: A computer model of a cognitive account of creative writing","authors":"Sharples Pérez, Rafael Pérez, Mike Sharples","year":"2001","venue":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":18,"raw":"[Radford et al., 2019] Alec Radford, Jeff Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, and Ilya Sutskever. Language models are unsupervised multitask learners. 2019.","title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","authors":"Alec Radford, Jeff Wu, Rewon Child, David Luan, Dario Amodei, Ilya Sutskever","year":"2019","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":19,"raw":"[Reimers and Gurevych, 2019] Nils Reimers and Iryna Gurevych. Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks, 2019.","title":"Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks","authors":"Gurevych Reimers, Nils Reimers, Iryna Gurevych","year":"2019","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":20,"raw":"[Rudinger et al., 2020] Rachel Rudinger, Vered Shwartz, Jena D. Hwang, Chandra Bhagavatula, Maxwell Forbes, Ronan Le Bras, Noah A. Smith, and Yejin Choi. Thinking like a skeptic: Defeasible inference in natural language. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP, 2020.","title":"Thinking like a skeptic: Defeasible inference in natural language","authors":"Rachel Rudinger, Vered Shwartz, Jena D Hwang, Chandra Bhagavatula, Maxwell Forbes, Le Ronan, Noah A Bras, Yejin Smith, Choi","year":"2020","venue":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":21,"raw":"[Sap et al., 2019] Maarten Sap, Ronan Le Bras, Emily All- away, Chandra Bhagavatula, Nicholas Lourie, Hannah Rashkin, Brendan Roof, Noah A. Smith, and Yejin Choi. Atomic: An atlas of machine commonsense for if-then rea- soning. ArXiv, abs/1811.00146, 2019.","title":"Atomic: An atlas of machine commonsense for if-then reasoning","authors":"Sap","year":"2019","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":22,"raw":"[Sgouros, 1999] Nikitas M. Sgouros. Dynamic generation, management and resolution of interactive plots. Artificial Intelligence, 107(1):29-62, 1999.","title":"Dynamic generation, management and resolution of interactive plots","authors":"M Nikitas, Sgouros","year":"1999","venue":"Artificial Intelligence","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":23,"raw":"[Song et al., 2020] Youngrok Song, Hyunju Kim, Taewoo Yoo, Byung-Chull Bae, and Yun-Gyung Cheong. An intel- ligent storytelling system for narrative conflict generation and resolution. 2020 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG), pages 192-197, 2020.","title":"An intelligent storytelling system for narrative conflict generation and resolution","authors":"Song","year":"2020","venue":"IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":24,"raw":"[Speer et al., 2016] Robyn Speer, Joshua Chin, and Cather- ine Havasi. Conceptnet 5.5: An open multilingual graph of general knowledge. ArXiv, abs/1612.03975, 2016.","title":"Conceptnet 5.5: An open multilingual graph of general knowledge","authors":"Speer","year":"2016","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":25,"raw":"[Szilas, 2003] Nicolas Szilas. Idtension: a narrative engine for interactive drama. In Gobel et al., editor, Proceedings of the Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment (TIDSE) Conference, pages 187-203, 2003.","title":"Idtension: a narrative engine for interactive drama","authors":"Nicolas Szilas, Szilas","year":"2003","venue":"Proceedings of the Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment (TIDSE) Conference","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":26,"raw":"[Vijayakumar et al., 2016] Ashwin K. Vijayakumar, Michael Cogswell, Ramprasaath R. Selvaraju, Qing Sun, Stefan Lee, David J. Crandall, and Dhruv Batra. Diverse beam search: Decoding diverse solutions from neural sequence models. ArXiv, abs/1610.02424, 2016.","title":"Diverse beam search: Decoding diverse solutions from neural sequence models","authors":"K Ashwin, Michael Vijayakumar, Ramprasaath R Cogswell, Qing Selvaraju, Stefan Sun, David J Lee, Dhruv Crandall, Batra","year":"2016","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":27,"raw":"[Ware et al., 2014] Stephen G. Ware, R. Michael Young, Brent Harrison, and David L. Roberts. A computational model of narrative conflict at the fabula level. IEEE Trans- actions on Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intel- ligence in Games, 6(3):271-288, 2014.","title":"A computational model of narrative conflict at the fabula level","authors":"Stephen G Ware, R Michael Young, Brent Harrison, David L Roberts","year":"2014","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Games","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":28,"raw":"[Yang et al., 2022] Kevin Yang, Nanyun Peng, Yuandong Tian, and Dan Klein. Re3: Generating longer stories with recursive reprompting and revision. In EMNLP, 2022.","title":"Re3: Generating longer stories with recursive reprompting and revision","authors":"Kevin Yang, Nanyun Peng, Yuandong Tian, Dan Klein","year":"2022","venue":"EMNLP","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null}],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}