{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"SACNN: Self Attention-based Convolutional Neural Network for Fraudulent Behaviour Detection in Sports","authors":[{"name":"Maxx Richard Rahman","slug":"maxx-richard-rahman","given":"Maxx Richard","family":"Rahman","affiliation":"Saarland University , Germany; German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , Germany"},{"name":"Lotfy Abdel Khaliq","slug":"lotfy-abdel-khaliq","given":"Lotfy","family":"Abdel Khaliq","affiliation":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , Germany"},{"name":"Thomas Piper","slug":"thomas-piper","given":"Thomas","family":"Piper","affiliation":"German Sports University Cologne (DSHS) , Germany"},{"name":"Hans Geyer","slug":"hans-geyer","given":"Hans","family":"Geyer","affiliation":"German Sports University Cologne (DSHS) , Germany"},{"name":"Tristan Equey","slug":"tristan-equey","given":"Tristan","family":"Equey","affiliation":"World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) , Canada"},{"name":"Norbert Baume","slug":"norbert-baume","given":"Norbert","family":"Baume","affiliation":"World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) , Canada"},{"name":"Reid Aikin","slug":"reid-aikin","given":"Reid","family":"Aikin","affiliation":"World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) , Canada"},{"name":"Wolfgang Maass","slug":"wolfgang-maass","given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maass","affiliation":"Saarland University , Germany; German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) , Germany"}],"abstract":"Doping practices in sports by unscrupulous athletes have been an important societal issue for several decades. Recently, sample swapping has been raised as a potential practice performed by athletes to swap their doped samples with clean samples to evade the positive doping test. So far, the only proven method to detect such cases is by performing DNA analysis on samples. However, it is expensive and time-consuming, which goes beyond the budgetary limits of anti-doping organisations when implementing to all the samples collected during sports events. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a self attention-based convolutional neural network (SACNN) that incorporates both spatial and temporal behaviour of the longitudinal profile and generates embedding maps for solving the fraud detection problem in sports. We conduct extensive experiments on the real-world datasets. The result shows that SACNN outperforms other state-of-the-art baseline models for sequential anomaly detection. Moreover, we conduct a study with domain experts on real-world profiles using both DNA analysis and our proposed method; the result demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method and the impact it could bring to the society.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2024/665","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/665","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/0665.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/665.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/bibtex/665","volume":{"slug":"2024","title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2024","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2024/","year":2024,"location":"Jeju, Korea","dates":"3-9 August 2024","editors":"Kate Larson","isbn":"978-1-956792-04-1","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2024"},"section":"Multidisciplinary Topics and Applications","track":"Main Track","number":665,"pages":{"first":6017,"last":6025},"keywords":["Multidisciplinary Topics and Applications: MTA: Sports","Machine Learning: ML: Applications","AI Ethics, Trust, Fairness: ETF: Societal impact of AI"],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"[Callaway, 2011] Ewen Callaway. 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