{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"A Generalized Deep Markov Random Fields Framework for Fake News Detection","authors":[{"name":"Yiqi Dong","slug":"yiqi-dong","given":"Yiqi","family":"Dong","affiliation":"School of New Media and Communication , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China"},{"name":"Dongxiao He","slug":"dongxiao-he","given":"Dongxiao","family":"He","affiliation":"School of New Media and Communication , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application , College of Intelligence and Computing , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China"},{"name":"Xiaobao Wang","slug":"xiaobao-wang","given":"Xiaobao","family":"Wang","affiliation":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application , College of Intelligence and Computing , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China"},{"name":"Yawen Li","slug":"yawen-li","given":"Yawen","family":"Li","affiliation":"School of Economics and Management , Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Xiaowen Su","slug":"xiaowen-su","given":"Xiaowen","family":"Su","affiliation":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application , College of Intelligence and Computing , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China"},{"name":"Di Jin","slug":"di-jin","given":"Di","family":"Jin","affiliation":"School of New Media and Communication , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application , College of Intelligence and Computing , Tianjin University , Tianjin , China"}],"abstract":"Recently, the wanton dissemination of fake news on social media has adversely affected our lives, rendering automatic fake news detection a pressing issue. Current methods are often fully supervised and typically employ deep neural networks (DNN) to learn implicit relevance from labeled data, ignoring explicitly shared properties (e.g., inflammatory expressions) across fake news. To address this limitation, we propose a graph-theoretic framework, called Generalized Deep Markov Random Fields Framework (GDMRFF), that inherits the capability of deep learning while at the same time exploiting the correlations among the news articles (including labeled and unlabeled data). Specifically, we first leverage a DNN-based module to learn implicit relations, which we then reveal as the unary function of MRF. Pairwise functions with refining effects to encapsulate human insights are designed to capture the explicit association among all samples. Meanwhile, an event removal module is introduced to remove event impact on pairwise functions. Note that we train GDMRFF with the semi-supervised setting, which decreases the reliance on labeled data while maximizing the potential of unlabeled data. We further develop an Ambiguity Learning Guided MRF (ALGM) model as a concretization of GDMRFF.  Experiments show that ALGM outperforms the compared methods significantly on two datasets, especially when labeled data is limited.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2023/529","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/529","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/0529.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/529.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/bibtex/529","volume":{"slug":"2023","title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2023","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2023/","year":2023,"location":"Macao, SAR","dates":"19-25 August 2023","editors":"Edith Elkind","isbn":"978-1-956792-03-4","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2023"},"section":"Multidisciplinary Topics and Applications","track":"Main Track","number":529,"pages":{"first":4758,"last":4765},"keywords":["Data Mining: DM: Mining graphs","Multidisciplinary Topics and Applications: MDA: Web and social networks","Natural Language Processing: NLP: Text classification"],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"[Ajao et al., 2019] Oluwaseun Ajao, Deepayan Bhowmik, and Shahrzad Zargari. 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