{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"How Should We Vote? A Comparison of Voting Systems within Social Networks","authors":[{"name":"Shiri Alouf-Heffetz","slug":"shiri-alouf-heffetz","given":"Shiri","family":"Alouf-Heffetz","affiliation":"TwoFiveOne Research; Ben-Gurion University"},{"name":"Ben Armstrong","slug":"ben-armstrong","given":"Ben","family":"Armstrong","affiliation":"University of Waterloo"},{"name":"Kate Larson","slug":"kate-larson","given":"Kate","family":"Larson","affiliation":"University of Waterloo"},{"name":"Nimrod Talmon","slug":"nimrod-talmon","given":"Nimrod","family":"Talmon","affiliation":"Ben-Gurion University"}],"abstract":"Voting is a crucial methodology for eliciting and combining agents' preferences and information across many applications. Just as there are numerous voting rules exhibiting different properties, we also see many different voting systems. In this paper we investigate how different voting systems perform as a function of the characteristics of the underlying voting population and social network. In particular, we compare direct democracy, liquid democracy, and sortition in a ground truth voting context.\r\n\r\nThrough simulations -- using both real and artificially generated social networks -- we illustrate how voter competency distributions and levels of direct participation affect group accuracy differently in each voting mechanism. Our results can be used to guide the selection of a suitable voting system based on the characteristics of a particular voting setting.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2022/5","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/5","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/0005.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/5.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/bibtex/5","volume":{"slug":"2022","title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2022","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2022/","year":2022,"location":"Vienna","dates":"23-29 July 2022","editors":"Luc De Raedt","isbn":"978-1-956792-00-3","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2022"},"section":"Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems","track":"Main Track","number":5,"pages":{"first":31,"last":38},"keywords":["Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems: Agent-Based Simulation and Emergence","Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems: Computational Social Choice"],"videos":[{"label":"Video #1","url":"https://slideslive.com/38986970","length_sec":55,"provider":"slideslive"},{"label":"Video #2","url":"https://slideslive.com/38985113","length_sec":718,"provider":"slideslive"}],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"[Albert and Barabási, 2002] Réka Albert and Albert-László Barabási. Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Re- views of modern physics, 74(1):47, 2002.","title":"Statistical mechanics of complex networks","authors":"Albert, Barabási ;, Réka Albert, Albert-László Barabási","year":"2002","venue":"Reviews of modern physics","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":2,"raw":"[Alouf-Heffetz et al., 2022] Shiri Alouf-Heffetz, Ben Arm- strong, Nimrod Talmon, and Kate Larson. Seeking ground truth: A simulation-based exploration of liquid democracy and sortition on social networks. Fourth Games, Agents, and Incentives Workshop, 2022.","title":"Seeking ground truth: A simulation-based exploration of liquid democracy and sortition on social networks","authors":"Shiri Alouf-Heffetz, Ben Armstrong, Nimrod Talmon, Kate Larson","year":"2022","venue":"Fourth Games, Agents, and Incentives Workshop","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":3,"raw":"[Becker et al., 2021] Ruben Becker, Gianlorenzo D'Angelo, Esmaeil Delfaraz, and Hugo Gilbert. When can liquid democracy unveil the truth? CoRR, abs/2104.01828, 2021.","title":"When can liquid democracy unveil the truth?","authors":"Ruben Becker, D' Gianlorenzo, Esmaeil Angelo, Hugo Delfaraz, Gilbert","year":"2021","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":4,"raw":"[Benadè et al., 2019] Gerdus Benadè, Paul Gölz, and Ariel D Procaccia. No stratification without represen- tation. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, pages 281-314, 2019.","title":"Ariel D Procaccia. No stratification without representation","authors":"Benadè","year":"2019","venue":"Proceedings of the 2019 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":5,"raw":"[Bloembergen et al., 2019] Daan Bloembergen, Davide Grossi, and Martin Lackner. On rational delegations in liquid democracy. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, volume 33, pages 1796-1803, 2019.","title":"On rational delegations in liquid democracy","authors":"Daan Bloembergen, Davide Grossi, Martin Lackner","year":"2019","venue":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":6,"raw":"[Blum and Zuber, 2016] Christian Blum and Christina Isabel Zuber. Liquid democracy: Potentials, problems, and per- spectives. Journal of Political Philosophy, 24(2):162-182, 2016.","title":"Christian Blum and Christina Isabel Zuber. Liquid democracy: Potentials, problems, and perspectives","authors":"Zuber Blum","year":"2016","venue":"Journal of Political Philosophy","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":7,"raw":"[Burkardt, 2014] John Burkardt. The truncated normal dis- tribution. Department of Scientific Computing Website, Florida State University, pages 1-35, 2014.","title":"The truncated normal distribution","authors":"John Burkardt","year":"2014","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":8,"raw":"[Caragiannis and Micha, 2019] Ioannis Caragiannis and Evi Micha. A contribution to the critique of liquid democracy. In IJCAI, pages 116-122, 2019.","title":"Ioannis Caragiannis and Evi Micha. A contribution to the critique of liquid democracy","authors":"Micha Caragiannis","year":"2019","venue":"IJCAI","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":9,"raw":"[Dodgson, 1884] Charkes L. Dodgson. The principles of parliamentary representation. Harrison and Sons, 1884.","title":"The principles of parliamentary representation","authors":"L Charkes, Dodgson","year":"1884","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":10,"raw":"[Dowlen, 2017] Oliver Dowlen. The political potential of sortition: A study of the random selection of citizens for public office, volume 4. Andrews UK Limited, 2017.","title":"The political potential of sortition: A study of the random selection of citizens for public office","authors":"Oliver Dowlen, Dowlen","year":"2017","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":11,"raw":"[Dowsland and Thompson, 2012] Kathryn Anne Dowsland and Jonathan Thompson. Simulated annealing. Handbook of natural computing, pages 1623-1655, 2012.","title":"Simulated annealing. Handbook of natural computing","authors":"Thompson Dowsland","year":"2012","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":12,"raw":"[Erdos et al., 1960] Paul Erdos, Alfréd Rényi, et al. On the evolution of random graphs. Publ. Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci, 5(1):17-60, 1960.","title":"On the evolution of random graphs","authors":"Paul Erdos, Alfréd Rényi","year":"1960","venue":"Publ. Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":13,"raw":"[Escoffier et al., 2018] Bruno Escoffier, Hugo Gilbert, and Adèle Pass-Lanneau. The convergence of iterative delega- tions in liquid democracy. CoRR abs/1809.04362, 2018.","title":"The convergence of iterative delegations in liquid democracy","authors":"Bruno Escoffier, Hugo Gilbert, Adèle Pass-Lanneau","year":"2018","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":14,"raw":"[Flanigan et al., 2021] Bailey Flanigan, Paul Gölz, Anupam Gupta, Brett Hennig, and Ariel D Procaccia. Fair al- gorithms for selecting citizens' assemblies. Nature, 596(7873):548-552, 2021.","title":"Fair algorithms for selecting citizens' assemblies","authors":"Bailey Flanigan, Paul Gölz, Anupam Gupta, Brett Hennig, Ariel D Procaccia","year":"2021","venue":"Nature","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":15,"raw":"[Forsyth, 1852] William Forsyth. History of trial by jury. JW Parker, 1852. [Grofman et al., 1983]","title":"History of trial by jury","authors":"William Forsyth","year":"1852","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":16,"raw":"Bernard Grofman, Guillermo Owen, and Scott L Feld. Thirteen theorems in search of the truth. Theory and decision, 15(3):261-278, 1983.","title":"Thirteen theorems in search of the truth","authors":"Bernard Grofman, Guillermo Owen, Scott L Feld","year":"1983","venue":"Theory and decision","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":17,"raw":"[Hunter, 2007] J. D. Hunter. Matplotlib: A 2d graphics envi- ronment. Computing in Science & Engineering, 9(3):90- 95, 2007.","title":"Matplotlib: A 2d graphics environment","authors":"J D Hunter","year":"2007","venue":"Computing in Science & Engineering","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":18,"raw":"[Kahng et al., 2018] Anson Kahng, Simon Mackenzie, and Ariel D Procaccia. Liquid democracy: An algorithmic per- spective. In Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2018.","title":"Liquid democracy: An algorithmic perspective","authors":"Anson Kahng, Simon Mackenzie, Ariel D Procaccia","year":"2018","venue":"Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":19,"raw":"[Kleinberg, 2010] Jon Kleinberg. Ect volume 26 issue 5 cover and back matter. Econometric Theory, 26(5):b1-b4, 2010.","title":"Ect volume 26 issue 5 cover and back matter","authors":"Kleinberg","year":"2010","venue":"Econometric Theory","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":20,"raw":"[Kling et al., 2015] Christoph Carl Kling, Jérôme Kunegis, Heinrich Hartmann, Markus Strohmaier, and Steffen Staab. Voting behaviour and power in online democracy: A study of liquidfeedback in germany's pirate party. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.07723, 2015.","title":"Voting behaviour and power in online democracy: A study of liquidfeedback in germany's pirate party","authors":"Christoph Carl Kling, Jérôme Kunegis, Heinrich Hartmann, Markus Strohmaier, Steffen Staab","year":"2015","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":21,"raw":"[Leskovec and Krevl, 2014] Jure Leskovec and Andrej Krevl. SNAP Datasets: Stanford large network dataset collection. http://snap.stanford.edu/data, June 2014.","title":"SNAP Datasets: Stanford large network dataset collection","authors":"Jure Leskovec, Andrej Krevl","year":"2014","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":"http://snap.stanford.edu/data","internal_url":null},{"position":22,"raw":"[Mooney, 1997] Christopher Z Mooney. Monte carlo simu- lation. Sage, 1997.","title":"Monte carlo simulation","authors":"Z Christopher, Mooney","year":"1997","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":23,"raw":"[Nitzan and Paroush, 2017] Shmuel Nitzan and Jacob Paroush. Collective decision-making and jury theorems. In The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics. 2017.","title":"Collective decision-making and jury theorems","authors":"Paroush Nitzan, Shmuel Nitzan, Jacob Paroush","year":"2017","venue":"The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":24,"raw":"[Paulin, 2020] Alois Paulin. An overview of ten years of liq- uid democracy research. In The 21st Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, pages 116- 121, 2020.","title":"An overview of ten years of liquid democracy research","authors":"Alois Paulin, Paulin","year":"2020","venue":"The 21st Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":25,"raw":"[Sintomer, 2018] Yves Sintomer. From deliberative to rad- ical democracy? sortition and politics in the twenty-first century. Politics & Society, 46(3):337-357, 2018.","title":"Yves Sintomer. From deliberative to radical democracy? sortition and politics in the twenty-first century","authors":"Sintomer","year":"2018","venue":"Politics & Society","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":26,"raw":"[Tridimas, 2017] George Tridimas. Constitutional choice in ancient athens: The evolution of the frequency of decision making. Constitutional Political Economy, 28(3):209- 230, 2017.","title":"George Tridimas. Constitutional choice in ancient athens: The evolution of the frequency of decision making","authors":"Tridimas","year":"2017","venue":"Constitutional Political Economy","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":27,"raw":"[Virtanen et al., 2020] Pauli Virtanen, Ralf Gommers, Travis E. Oliphant, Matt Haberland, Tyler Reddy, David Cournapeau, Evgeni Burovski, Pearu Peterson, Warren Weckesser, Jonathan Bright, Stéfan J. van der Walt, Matthew Brett, Joshua Wilson, K. Jarrod Millman, Niko- lay Mayorov, Andrew R. J. Nelson, Eric Jones, Robert Kern, Eric Larson, C J Carey, İlhan Polat, Yu Feng, Eric W. Moore, Jake VanderPlas, Denis Laxalde, Josef Perktold, Robert Cimrman, Ian Henriksen, E. A. Quintero, Charles R. Harris, Anne M. Archibald, Antônio H. Ribeiro, Fabian Pedregosa, Paul van Mulbregt, and SciPy 1.0 Contributors. SciPy 1.0: Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python. Nature Methods, 17:261-272, 2020.","title":"SciPy 1.0 Contributors. SciPy 1.0: Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python","authors":"Pauli Virtanen, Ralf Gommers, Travis E Oliphant, Matt Haberland, Tyler Reddy, David Cournapeau, Evgeni Burovski, Pearu Peterson, Warren Weckesser, Jonathan Bright, J Stéfan, Matthew Van Der Walt, Joshua Brett, K Wilson, Nikolay Jarrod Millman, Mayorov, R J Andrew, Eric Nelson, Robert Jones, Eric Kern, C J Larson, İlhan Carey, Yu Polat, Eric W Feng, Jake Moore, Denis Vanderplas, Josef Laxalde, Robert Perktold, Ian Cimrman, E A Henriksen, Charles R Quintero, Anne M Harris, Antônio H Archibald, Fabian Ribeiro, Paul Pedregosa, Van Mulbregt","year":"2020","venue":"Nature Methods","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":28,"raw":"[Wales and others, 2003] David Wales et al. Energy land- scapes: Applications to clusters, biomolecules and glasses. Cambridge University Press, 2003.","title":"Energy landscapes: Applications to clusters, biomolecules and glasses","authors":"David Wales","year":"2003","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null}],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}