{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Knowledge-aware Zero-Shot Learning: Survey and Perspective","authors":[{"name":"Jiaoyan Chen","slug":"jiaoyan-chen","given":"Jiaoyan","family":"Chen","affiliation":""},{"name":"Yuxia Geng","slug":"yuxia-geng","given":"Yuxia","family":"Geng","affiliation":""},{"name":"Zhuo Chen","slug":"zhuo-chen","given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","affiliation":""},{"name":"Ian Horrocks","slug":"ian-horrocks","given":"Ian","family":"Horrocks","affiliation":""},{"name":"Jeff Z. Pan","slug":"jeff-z-pan","given":"Jeff Z.","family":"Pan","affiliation":""},{"name":"Huajun Chen","slug":"huajun-chen","given":"Huajun","family":"Chen","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"Zero-shot learning (ZSL) which aims at predicting classes that have never appeared during the training using external knowledge (a.k.a. side information) has been widely investigated. In this paper we present a literature review towards ZSL in the perspective of external knowledge, where we categorize the external knowledge, review their  methods and compare different external knowledge. With the literature review, we further discuss and outlook the role of symbolic knowledge in addressing ZSL and other machine learning sample shortage issues.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2021/597","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/597","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/0597.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/597.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/bibtex/597","volume":{"slug":"2021","title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2021","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2021/","year":2021,"location":"Montreal","dates":"19-27 August 2021","editors":"Prof. Zhi-Hua Zhou","isbn":"978-0-9992411-9-6","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2021"},"section":"Survey Track","track":"Survey Track","number":597,"pages":{"first":4366,"last":4373},"keywords":["Knowledge representation and reasoning: General","Multidisciplinary topics and applications: General","Machine learning: General"],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}