{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Deontic Sensors","authors":[{"name":"Julian Padget","slug":"julian-padget","given":"Julian","family":"Padget","affiliation":"Department of Computer Science , University of Bath , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Marina De Vos","slug":"marina-de-vos","given":"Marina","family":"De Vos","affiliation":"Department of Computer Science , University of Bath , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Charlie Ann Page","slug":"charlie-ann-page","given":"Charlie Ann","family":"Page","affiliation":"Department of Computer Science , University of Bath , United Kingdom"}],"abstract":"Normative capabilities in multi-agent systems (MAS) can be represented within agents, separately as institutions, or a blend of the two. This paper addresses how to extend the principles of open MAS to the provision of normative reasoning capabilities, which are currently either embedded in existing MAS platforms - tightly coupled and inaccessible - or not present. We use a resource-oriented architecture (ROA) pattern, that we call deontic sensors, to make normative reasoning part of an open MAS architecture. The pattern specifies how to loosely couple MAS and normative frameworks, such that each is agnostic of the other, while augmenting the brute facts that an agent perceives with institutional facts, that capture each institution's interpretation of an agent's action. In consequence, a MAS without normative capabilities can acquire them, and an embedded normative framework can be de-coupled and opened to other MAS platforms. More importantly, the deontic sensor pattern allows normative reasoning to be published as services, opening routes to certification and re-use, creation of (formalized) trust and non-specialist access to \"on demand'' normative reasoning.","doi":"10.24963/ijcai.2018/66","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/66","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/0066.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/66.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/bibtex/66","volume":{"slug":"2018","title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2018","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/","year":2018,"location":"Stockholm","dates":"13-19 July 2018","editors":"Jérôme Lang","isbn":"978-0-9992411-2-7","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization","doi_prefix":"10.24963/ijcai.2018"},"section":"Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems","track":"Main track","number":66,"pages":{"first":475,"last":481},"keywords":["Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems: Engineering Methods, Platforms, Languages and Tools","Agent-based and Multi-agent Systems: Normative systems","Multidisciplinary Topics and Applications: Knowledge-based Software Engineering"],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"[Aldewereld et al., 2016] Huib Aldewereld, Olivier Boissier, Virginia Dignum, Pablo Noriega, and Julian Padget, edi- tors. Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Techni- cal Systems, volume 30 of Law, Governance and Technol- ogy. Springer, 2016.","title":"Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems","authors":"Huib Aldewereld, Olivier Boissier, Virginia Dignum, Pablo Noriega, Julian Padget","year":"2016","venue":"Law, Governance and Technology","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":2,"raw":"[Baral, 2003] Chitta Baral. Knowledge representation, rea- soning and declarative problem solving. CUP, 2003.","title":"Knowledge representation, reasoning and declarative problem solving","authors":"Chitta Baral","year":"2003","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":3,"raw":"[Beck, 2000] Kent Beck. Extreme programming explained: embrace change. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000.","title":"Extreme programming explained: embrace change","authors":"Kent Beck","year":"2000","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":4,"raw":"[Behrens et al., 2011] Tristan Behrens, Koen Hindriks, and Jürgen Dix. Towards an environment interface standard for agent platforms. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell., 61(4):261- 295, 2011.","title":"Towards an environment interface standard for agent platforms","authors":"Tristan Behrens, Koen Hindriks, Jürgen Dix","year":"2011","venue":"Ann. Math. Artif. Intell","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":5,"raw":"[Boissier et al., 2016] Olivier Boissier, Jomi Hübner, and Alessandro Ricci. The JaCaMo framework. In Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems, pages 125-151. Springer, 2016.","title":"The JaCaMo framework","authors":"Boissier","year":"2016","venue":"Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":6,"raw":"[Bordini et al., 2007] Rafael Bordini, Jomi Hübner, and Michael Wooldridge. Programming Multi-Agent Systems in AgentSpeak using Jason. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2007.","title":"Programming Multi-Agent Systems in AgentSpeak using Jason","authors":"Bordini","year":"2007","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":7,"raw":"[Carlos Nieves et al., 2011] Juan Carlos Nieves, Julian Pad- get, Wamberto Vasconcelos, Athanasios Staikopoulos, Owen Cliffe, Frank Dignum, Javier Vázquez-Salceda, Siobhan Clarke, and Chris Reed. Coordination, organi- sation and model driven approaches for dynamic, flexible, robust software and services engineering. In Service Engi- neering, pages 85-115. Springer, 2011.","title":"Coordination, organisation and model driven approaches for dynamic, flexible, robust software and services engineering","authors":"Carlos Nieves","year":"2011","venue":"Service Engineering","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":8,"raw":"[Dastani and Testerink, 2016] Mehdi Dastani and Bas Tes- terink. Design patterns for multi-agent programming. Int. J. Agent-Oriented Softw. Eng., 5(2/3):167-202, January 2016.","title":"Mehdi Dastani and Bas Testerink. Design patterns for multi-agent programming","authors":"Testerink Dastani","year":"2016","venue":"Int. J. Agent-Oriented Softw. Eng","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":9,"raw":"[del Val Noguera et al., 2010] Elena del Val Noguera, Na- talia Criado, Carlos Carrascosa, Vicente Julián, Miguel Rebollo, Estefania Argente, and Vicente Botti. THOMAS: a service-oriented framework for virtual organizations. In AAMAS'10, pages 1631-1632. IFAAMAS, 2010.","title":"THOMAS: a service-oriented framework for virtual organizations","authors":"Val Del, Noguera","year":"2010","venue":"AAMAS'10","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":10,"raw":"[Dybalova et al., 2013] Daniela Dybalova, Bas Testerink, Mehdi Dastani, and Brian Logan. A framework for pro- gramming norm-aware multi-agent systems. In COIN'13, Revised Selected Papers, pages 364-380. Springer, 2013.","title":"A framework for programming norm-aware multi-agent systems","authors":"Daniela Dybalova, Bas Testerink, Mehdi Dastani, Brian Logan","year":"2013","venue":"COIN'13, Revised Selected Papers","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":11,"raw":"[Esteva et al., 2004] Marc Esteva, Bruno Rosell, Juan Anto- nio Rodríguez-Aguilar, and Josep Luís Arcos. Ameli: An agent-based middleware for electronic institutions. In AA- MAS'04, pages 236-243. IEEE Computer Society, 2004.","title":"Ameli: An agent-based middleware for electronic institutions","authors":"Marc Esteva, Bruno Rosell, Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Aguilar, Josep Luís, Arcos","year":"2004","venue":"AA-MAS'04","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":12,"raw":"[Fielding, 2000] Roy Fielding. Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures. Univer- sity of California, Irvine Doctoral dissertation, 2000.","title":"Architectural styles and the design of network-based software architectures","authors":"Roy Fielding","year":"2000","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":13,"raw":"[Fornara et al., 2013] Nicoletta Fornara, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Pablo Noriega, Eugénio Oliveira, Charalampos Tampitsikas, and Michael I. Schumacher. Modelling agent institutions. In Agreement Technologies, pages 277-307. Springer, 2013.","title":"Modelling agent institutions","authors":"Nicoletta Fornara, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Pablo Noriega, Eugénio Oliveira, Charalampos Tampitsikas, Michael I Schumacher","year":"2013","venue":"Agreement Technologies","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":14,"raw":"[García et al., 2016] Emilia García, Soledad Valero, and Adriana Giret. ROMAS-Magentix2. In Social Coordina- tion Frameworks for Social Technical Systems, pages 153- 171. Springer, 2016.","title":"Emilia García, Soledad Valero, and Adriana Giret","authors":"García","year":"2016","venue":"ROMAS-Magentix2. In Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":15,"raw":"[Grossi et al., 2006] Davide Grossi, John-Jules Ch. Meyer, and Frank Dignum. Counts-as: Classification or constitu- tion? An answer using modal logic. In Deontic Logic and Artificial Normative Systems, pages 115-130. Springer, 2006.","title":"Counts-as: Classification or constitution? An answer using modal logic","authors":"Davide Grossi, John-Jules Ch, Frank Meyer, Dignum","year":"2006","venue":"Deontic Logic and Artificial Normative Systems","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":16,"raw":"[Hindriks and Dix, 2014] Koen Hindriks and Jürgen Dix. GOAL: A multi-agent programming language applied to an exploration game. In AOSE -Reflections on Architec- tures, Methodologies, Languages, and Frameworks, pages 235-258. Springer, 2014.","title":"GOAL: A multi-agent programming language applied to an exploration game","authors":"Dix ; Hindriks, Koen Hindriks, Jürgen Dix","year":"2014","venue":"AOSE -Reflections on Architectures, Methodologies, Languages, and Frameworks","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":17,"raw":"[Hübner et al., 2011] Jomi Hübner, Olivier Boissier, and Rafael Bordini. A normative programming language for multi-agent organisations. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell., 62(1- 2):27-53, 2011.","title":"A normative programming language for multi-agent organisations","authors":"Jomi Hübner, Olivier Boissier, Rafael Bordini","year":"2011","venue":"Ann. Math. Artif. Intell","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":18,"raw":"[Lee et al., 2014] Jeehang Lee, Julian Padget, Brian Logan, Daniela Dybalova, and Natasha Alechina. N-Jason: Run- Time Norm Compliance in AgentSpeak(L). In Engineer- ing Multi-Agent Systems, Revised Selected Papers, pages 367-387. Springer, 2014.","title":"N-Jason: Run-Time Norm Compliance in AgentSpeak(L). In Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, Revised Selected Papers","authors":"Lee","year":"2014","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":19,"raw":"[North, 1991] Douglas North. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. CUP, 1991.","title":"Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance","authors":"Douglas North","year":"1991","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":20,"raw":"[Ostrom, 1990] Elinor Ostrom. Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. CUP, 1990.","title":"Elinor Ostrom. Governing the Commons. The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action","authors":"Ostrom","year":"1990","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":21,"raw":"[Padget et al., 2016] Julian Padget, Emad Elakehal, Tingting Li, and Marina De Vos. InstAL: An institutional action language. In Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems, pages 101-124. Springer, 2016.","title":"InstAL: An institutional action language","authors":"Julian Padget, Emad Elakehal, Tingting Li, Marina De Vos","year":"2016","venue":"Social Coordination Frameworks for Social Technical Systems","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":22,"raw":"[Pokahr et al., 2013] Alexander Pokahr, Lars Braubach, and Kai Jander. The Jadex project: Programming model. In Multiagent Systems and Applications: Volume 1:Practice and Experience, pages 21-53. Springer, 2013.","title":"The Jadex project: Programming model","authors":"Alexander Pokahr, Lars Braubach, Kai Jander","year":"2013","venue":"Multiagent Systems and Applications: Volume 1:Practice and Experience","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":23,"raw":"[Searle, 1995] John Searle. The Construction of Social Real- ity. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1995.","title":"The Construction of Social Reality","authors":"John Searle","year":"1995","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":24,"raw":"[van Riemsdijk et al., 2013] Birna van Riemsdijk, Louise Dennis, Michael Fisher, and Koen Hindriks. Agent reason- ing for norm compliance: a semantic approach. In AAMAS '13, pages 499-506. IFAAMAS, 2013.","title":"Agent reasoning for norm compliance: a semantic approach","authors":"Van Riemsdijk","year":"2013","venue":"AAMAS '13","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":25,"raw":"[Vázquez-Salceda et al., 2010] Javier Vázquez-Salceda, Wamberto Vasconcelos, Julian Padget, Frank Dignum, Siobhan Clarke, and Manel Palau Roig. ALIVE: an agent-based framework for dynamic and robust service- oriented applications. In AAMAS'10, pages 1637-1638.","title":"ALIVE: an agent-based framework for dynamic and robust serviceoriented applications","authors":"Javier Vázquez-Salceda, Wamberto Vasconcelos, Julian Padget, Frank Dignum, Siobhan Clarke, Manel Palau Roig","year":null,"venue":"AAMAS'10","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":26,"raw":"IFAAMAS, 2010.","title":null,"authors":"Ifaamas","year":"2010","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":27,"raw":"[von Wright, 1951] Georg von Wright. Deontic logic. Mind, 60(237):1-15, 1951.","title":"Georg von Wright","authors":"Wright Von","year":"1951","venue":"Mind","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":28,"raw":"[W3C, 2011] W3C. Semantic sensor network ontology. W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group. https: //www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ssnx/ssn., 2011. Re- trieved 2018-01-18.","title":"W3C. Semantic sensor network ontology","authors":"W3c","year":"2011","venue":"W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator Group","doi":null,"url":"https://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/ssn/ssnx/ssn.,2011.Re-trieved2018-01-18","internal_url":null}],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}