{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Using Gaussian Processes to Optimise Concession in Complex Negotiations against Unknown Opponents","authors":[{"name":"Colin R. Williams","slug":"colin-r-williams","given":"Colin R.","family":"Williams","affiliation":""},{"name":"Valentin Robu","slug":"valentin-robu","given":"Valentin","family":"Robu","affiliation":""},{"name":"Enrico H. Gerding","slug":"enrico-h-gerding","given":"Enrico H.","family":"Gerding","affiliation":""},{"name":"Nicholas R. Jennings","slug":"nicholas-r-jennings","given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Jennings","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"In multi-issue automated negotiation against unknown opponents, a key part of effective negotiation is the choice of concession strategy. In this paper, we develop a principled concession strategy, based on Gaussian processes predicting the opponent's future behaviour. We then use this to set the agent's concession rate dynamically during a single negotiation session. We analyse the performance of our strategy and show that it outperforms the state-of-the-art negotiating agents from the 2010 Automated Negotiating Agents Competition, in both a tournament setting and in self-play, across a variety of negotiation domains.","doi":"10.5591/978-1-57735-516-8/IJCAI11-080","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2011/80","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2011/0080.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2011/80.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2011/bibtex/80","volume":{"slug":"2011","title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2011","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2011/","year":2011,"location":"Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain","dates":"16–22 July 2011","editors":"Toby Walsh","isbn":"978-1-57735-512-0; 978-1-57735-513-7; 978-1-57735-514-4; 978-1-57735-515-1; 978-1-57735-516-8","publisher":"AAAI Press/International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":null,"track":"","number":80,"pages":{"first":432,"last":437},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}