{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"How Experience of the Body Shapes Language about Space","authors":[{"name":"Luc Steels","slug":"luc-steels","given":"Luc","family":"Steels","affiliation":""},{"name":"Michael Spranger","slug":"michael-spranger","given":"Michael","family":"Spranger","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"Open-ended language communication remains an enormous challenge for autonomous robots. This paper argues that the notion of a language strategy is the appropriate vehicle for addressing this challenge. A language strategy packages all the procedures that are necessary for playing a language game. We present a specific example of a language strategy for playing an Action Game in which one robot asks another robot to take on a body posture (such as stand or sit), and show how it effectively allows a population of agents to self-organise a perceptually grounded ontology and a lexicon from scratch, without any human intervention. Next, we show how a new language strategy can arise by exaptation from an existing one, concretely, how the body posture strategy can be exapted to a strategy for playing language games about the spatial position of objects (as in the bottle stands on the table).Luc L. Steels, Michael Spranger","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2009/14","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2009/0014.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2009/14.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2009/bibtex/14","volume":{"slug":"2009","title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2009","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2009/","year":2009,"location":"Pasadena, California, USA","dates":"","editors":"Hiroaki Kitano","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":null,"track":"","number":14,"pages":{"first":14,"last":18},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}