---
title: "TimeML-Compliant Text Analysis for Temporal Reasoning"
authors:
  - "Branimir Boguraev"
  - "Rie Kubota Ando"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2005/142"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2005/0142.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 2005
pages: "997-1002"
track: ""
keywords:
---

# TimeML-Compliant Text Analysis for Temporal Reasoning

Branimir Boguraev, Rie Kubota Ando

*Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 997-1002.

## Abstract

Reasoning with time 1 needs more than just a list of temporal expressions. T ime ML —an emerging standard for temporal annotation as a language capturing properties and relationships among timedenoting expressions and events in text—is a good starting point for bridging the gap between temporal analysis of documents and reasoning with the information derived from them. Hard as T ime MLcompliant analysis is, the small size of the only currently available annotated corpus makes it even harder. We address this problem with a hybrid T ime ML annotator, which uses cascaded finite-state grammars (for temporal expression analysis, shallow syntactic parsing, and feature generation) together with a machine learning component capable of effectively using large amounts of unannotated data.