{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Non-Invasive Brain-Actuated Control of a Mobile Robot","authors":[{"name":"José del R. Millán","slug":"jose-del-r-millan","given":"José del R.","family":"Millán","affiliation":""},{"name":"Frédéric Renkens","slug":"frederic-renkens","given":"Frédéric","family":"Renkens","affiliation":""},{"name":"Josep Mouriño","slug":"josep-mourino","given":"Josep","family":"Mouriño","affiliation":""},{"name":"Wulfram Gerstner","slug":"wulfram-gerstner","given":"Wulfram","family":"Gerstner","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"Recent experiments have indicated the possibility to use the brain electrical activity to directly control the movement of robotics or prosthetic devices. In this paper we report results with a portable non-invasive brain-computer interface that makes possible the continuous control of a mobile robot in a house-like environment. The interface uses 8 surface electrodes to measure electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from which a statistical classifier recognizes 3 different mental states . Until now, brain-actuated control of robots has relied on invasive approachesrequiring surgical implantation of electrodessince EEG-based systems have been considered too slow for controlling rapid and complex sequences of movements. Here we show that, after a few days of training, two human subjects successfully moved a robot between several rooms by mental control only. Furthermore, mental control was only marginally worse than manual control on the same task.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2003/160","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2003/0160.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2003/160.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2003/bibtex/160","volume":{"slug":"2003","title":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 2003","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2003/","year":2003,"location":"Acapulco, Mexico","dates":"","editors":"Georg Gottlob","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":null,"track":"","number":160,"pages":{"first":1121,"last":1125},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}