---
title: "FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies"
authors:
  - "Gerd Stumme"
  - "Alexander Maedche"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2001/32"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/2001/0032.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 2001
pages: "225-233"
track: ""
keywords:
---

# FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies

Gerd Stumme, Alexander Maedche

*Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 225-233.

## Abstract

Ontologies have been established for knowledge sharing and are widely used as a means for conceptually structuring domains of interest. With the growing usage of ontologies, the problem of overlapping knowledge in a common domain becomes critical. We propose the new method FCA–M ERGE for merging ontologies following a bottom-up approach which offers a structural description of the merging process. The method is guided by application-specific instances of the given source ontologies, that are to be merged. We apply techniques from natural language processing and formal concept analysis to derive a lattice of concepts as a structural result of FCA–M ERGE . The generated result is then explored and transformed into the merged ontology with human interaction.