---
title: "Toward Structured Retrieval in Semi-structured Information Spaces"
authors:
  - "Scott B. Huffman"
  - "Catherine Baudin"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/109"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/0109.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1997
pages: "751-756"
track: "Information Retrieval"
keywords:
---

# Toward Structured Retrieval in Semi-structured Information Spaces

Scott B. Huffman, Catherine Baudin

*Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 751-756.

## Abstract

A semi-structured information space consists of multiple collections of textual documents containing fielded or tagged sections. The space can be highly heterogeneous, because each collection has its own schema, and there are no enforced keys or formats for data items across collections. Thus, structured methods like SQL cannot be easily employed, and users often must make do with only full-text search. In this paper, we describe an intermediate approach that provides structured querying for particular types of entities, such as companies, people, . and skills. Entity-based retrieval is enabled by normalizing entity references in a heuristic, type-dependent manner. To filter results further, entities are categorized as playing particular roles (e .g., company as client, as vendor, etc.) in particular collection types (directories, client engagement records, etc.) . The approach requires minimal metainformation - each collection's type and a list of fields containing entities in various rolesand much of this is derived automatically. On a set of typical user queries in a large corporate information space, the approach produces a dramatic improvement in .retrieval quality over knowledge-free methods like full-text search.