{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Search Versus Knowledge in Game-Playing Programs Revisited","authors":[{"name":"Andreas Junghanns","slug":"andreas-junghanns","given":"Andreas","family":"Junghanns","affiliation":""},{"name":"Jonathan Schaeffer","slug":"jonathan-schaeffer","given":"Jonathan","family":"Schaeffer","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"Perfect knowledge about a domain renders search unnecessary and, likewise, exhaustive search obviates heuristic knowledge. In practise, a tradeoff is found somewhere in the middle, since neither extreme is feasible for interesting domains. During the last two decades, the focus for increasing the performance of two-player game~playing programs has been on enhanced search, usually by faster hardware and/or more efficient algorithms. This paper revisits the issue of the relative advantages of improved search and knowledge. It introduces a revised search-knowledge tradeoff graph that is supported by experimental evidence for three different games (chess, Othello and checkers) using a new metric: the \"noisy oracle\". Previously published results in chess seem to contradict our model, postulating a linear increase in program strength with increasing search depth. We show that these results are misleading, and are due to properties of chess and chess-playing programs, not to the search-knowledge tradeoff.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/101","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/0101.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/101.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/bibtex/101","volume":{"slug":"1997","title":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 1997","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1997/","year":1997,"location":"Nagoya, Japan","dates":"","editors":"Martha E. Pollack","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":"Game Playing","track":"Game Playing","number":101,"pages":{"first":692,"last":696},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}