---
title: "Modeling Time in Hybrid Systems: How Fast Is \"Instantaneous\"?"
authors:
  - "Yumi Iwasaki"
  - "Adam Farquhar"
  - "Vijay A. Saraswat"
  - "Daniel G. Bobrow"
  - "Vineet Gupta"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1995/228"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1995/0228.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1995
pages: "1773-1780"
track: "Qualitative Reasoning and Diagnosis"
keywords:
---

# Modeling Time in Hybrid Systems: How Fast Is "Instantaneous"?

Yumi Iwasaki, Adam Farquhar, Vijay A. Saraswat, Daniel G. Bobrow, Vineet Gupta

*Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 1773-1780.

## Abstract

Many of today's electro-mechanical devices exhibit both continuous and discrete behavior. Modeling these hybrid systems presents special challenges for automated modeling and simulation. We show how nonstandard analysis overcomes these challenges, provides a firm mathematical foundation, and satisfies our intuitions about the behavior of hybrid systems.