---
title: "Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammars, with Application to Segmentation, Bracketing, and Alignment of Parallel Corpora"
authors:
  - "Dekai Wu"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1995/171"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1995/0171.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1995
pages: "1328-1336"
track: "Natural Language"
keywords:
---

# Stochastic Inversion Transduction Grammars, with Application to Segmentation, Bracketing, and Alignment of Parallel Corpora

Dekai Wu

*Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 1328-1336.

## Abstract

We introduce ( 1) a novel stochastic inversion transduction grammar formalism for bilingual language modeling of sentence-pairs, and (2) the concept of bilingual parsing with potential application to a variety of parallel corpus analysis problems. The formalism combines three tactics against the constraints that render finite-state transducers less useful: it skips directly to a context-free rather than finite-state base, it permits a minimal extra degree of ordering flexibility, and its probabilistic formulation admits an efficient maximum-likelihood bilingual parsing algorithm. A convenient normal form is shown to exist, and we discuss a number of examples of how stochastic inversion transduction grammars bring bilingual constraints to bear upon problematic corpus analysis tasks.