---
title: "Composing Real-Time Systems"
authors:
  - "Stuart J. Russell"
  - "Shlomo Zilberstein"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/32"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/0032.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1991
pages: "212-216"
track: "Automated Reasoning"
keywords:
---

# Composing Real-Time Systems

Stuart J. Russell, Shlomo Zilberstein

*Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 212-216.

## Abstract

We present a method to construct real-time systems using as components anytime algorithms whose quality of results degrades gracefully as computation time decreases. Introducing computation time as a degree of freedom defines a scheduling problem involving the activation and interruption of the anytime components. This scheduling problem is especially complicated when trying to construct interruptible algorithms, whose total run-time is unknown in advance. We introduce a framework to measure the performance of anytime algorithms and solve the problem of constructing interruptible algorithms by a mathematical reduction to the problem of constructing contract algorithms, which require the determination of the total run-time when activated. We show how the composition of anytime algorithms can be mechanized as part of a compiler for a LISP-like programming language for realtime systems. The result is a new approach to the construction of complex real-time systems that separates the arrangement of the performance components from the optimization of their scheduling, and automates the latter task.