{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Cooperative Hybrid Systems","authors":[{"name":"Matthias Gutknecht","slug":"matthias-gutknecht","given":"Matthias","family":"Gutknecht","affiliation":""},{"name":"Rolf Pfeifer","slug":"rolf-pfeifer","given":"Rolf","family":"Pfeifer","affiliation":""},{"name":"Markus Stolze","slug":"markus-stolze","given":"Markus","family":"Stolze","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"Recently there has been much criticism in the AI community that knowledge based systems are not situated. We argue that trying to provide for situatedness in a conventional system will lead to the so called model explosion cycle and that for most application environments adaptivity is needed for situated behavior. Cooperative systems are a solution to the model explosion cycle where adaptivity is delegated to the user. A hybrid symbolic/connectionist system offers self tuning capabilities (and therefore adaptivity) but can't cope with the model explosion cycle. Integrating both approaches into a cooperative hybrid system leads to a much more situated behavior than conventional systems can achieve. Our approach is illustrated using a real-life expert system in the domain of technical troubleshooting. Ongoing practical tests indicate that a cooperative hybrid design presents an attractive architecture for knowledge based systems.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/121","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/0121.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/121.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/bibtex/121","volume":{"slug":"1991","title":"Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 1991","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1991/","year":1991,"location":"Sydney, New South Wales, Australia","dates":"24-30 August 1991","editors":"John Mylopoulos and Ray Reiter","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":"Learning Be Knowledge Acquisition","track":"Learning Be Knowledge Acquisition","number":121,"pages":{"first":824,"last":830},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}