---
title: "A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Monotonic Knowledge"
authors:
  - "Moshe Y. Vardi"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1985/97"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1985/0097.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1985
pages: "509-511"
track: "Knowledge Representation"
keywords:
---

# A Model-Theoretic Analysis of Monotonic Knowledge

Moshe Y. Vardi

*Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 509-511.

## Abstract

We present a semantic model for knowledge with the following prope rties : (1) Knowledge is necessarily correct, (2) agents are logically omniscient, i.e., they know all the consequences of their knowledge, and (3) agents are positively introspective , i.e., they are aware of their knowledge, but not negatively introspective, i.e., they may not be aware of their ignorance. We argue that this is the appropr iate model for implicit knowledge. We investigate the properties of the model , and use it to formalize the notion of circumscrib ed knowledge.