---
title: "Tense, Aspect, and Cognitive Representation of Time"
authors:
  - "Kenneth Man-kam Yip"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1985/159"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1985/0159.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1985
pages: "806-813"
track: "Natural Language"
keywords:
---

# Tense, Aspect, and Cognitive Representation of Time

Kenneth Man-kam Yip

*Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 806-813.

## Abstract

This paper explores the relationships between a computational theory of temporal representation (as developed by James Allen) and a formallinguistic theory of tense (as developed by Norbert Harnstein) and aspect. II aims to provide expliclt answers to four fundamental questions: (1) what is the computational justification for the primitives of a linguistic theory; (2) what is the computational explanation of the formal grammatical constraints; (3) what are the processing constraints imposed on the learnability and markedness of these theorelical constructs; and (4) what are the constraints that a linguistic theory imposes on representations. We show that one can eflectively exploit lhtl Interface between the lanyuage faculty and the cognitive faculties by using linguistic constraints to determine restrictions on the cognitive representations and vice versa. Three main results are obtained: (1) We derive an explanation of an observed grammatical constraint on tense .. the Linear Order Constraint ·· from the Information monotoniclty property of the constraint propagation algorithm of Allen's temporal system; (2) We formulate a principle of markedness for the basic tense structures based on the computational efliciency of the temporal representations; and (3) We show Allen's interval-based temporal system is not arbitrary, but it can be used to explain independently motivated linguistic constraints on tense and aspect Interpretations. We also claim that the methodology of research developed in this study ·· "cross-level" investigation of independently motivated formal grammatical theory and computational models .. is a powerful paradigm with which to attack representational problems in basic cognitive domains, e.g ., space, time, causality, etc.