---
title: "A Belief Representation for Understanding Deception"
authors:
  - "Gregory B. Taylor"
  - "Stephen B. Whitehill"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1981/76"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1981/0076.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1981
pages: "388-392"
track: "INFERENCE and REASONING"
keywords:
---

# A Belief Representation for Understanding Deception

Gregory B. Taylor, Stephen B. Whitehill

*Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 388-392.

## Abstract

Identifying deception in stories requires an understanding of the beliefs of the characters. A model must include both beliefs about facts and beliefs about other characters. This paper presents a method for representing such belief structures. Arbitrary levels of embedded beliefs are represented by cyclic structures with shared common beliefs. With these str~s we show how different instances of deception can be recognized with a single deception template. We will illustrate these concepts by applying them to several example stories.