{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Co-ordinate Square: Solution to Many Chess Pawn Endgames","authors":[{"name":"Kenneth Ward Church","slug":"kenneth-ward-church","given":"Kenneth Ward","family":"Church","affiliation":"MIT Cambridge , MA. 02139"}],"abstract":"The solution to a number of Artificial Intelligence problems depends upon knowledge representation. The theory of Co-ordinate Squares is a framework for representing the relevant ideas in a large class of king and pawn endinas. Some endgame problems which require twenty to thirty plies of analysis using a more traditional representation, a branchi\"l tree of moves, can be efficiently solved using this theory, which is analogous to Waltz' scene analysis alaorithm. The Co-ordinate Squares theory, which has received considerable attention in the chess literature over the last half century, is Implemented using a constraint propagation technique. The constraint is that the defendina kina must precisely co~rdinate with the attacking king to avoid losing. For any particular square the attacking kil)g occupies, there are only a few possible (co~rdinating} squares the defending king could occupy without transposing into a known lost position. As the attacking king moves from one square to another, the defending king must co-ordinate, move from a co-ordinate of the one square to ·a coordinate of the other. We will give a reduction algorithm which propagates this constraint in order to determine the coordinate squares.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/37","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/0037.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/37.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/bibtex/37","volume":{"slug":"1979","title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 1979","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/","year":1979,"location":"Tokyo, Japan","dates":"August 20-23, 1979","editors":"Bruce G. Buchanan","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":null,"track":"","number":37,"pages":{"first":null,"last":null},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"Averbakh, Y. and Maizelis, 1., Pawn EIHiinp, Chess Diaest, Inc., 1974 (English Translation). .","title":"Pawn EIHiinp","authors":"Y Averbakh, Maizelis","year":"1974","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":2,"raw":"Averbakh, Y. and Chekhover, V., Knitht CIHiinp, B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1977 (English Translation).","title":null,"authors":"Y Averbakh, V Chekhover, B T Knitht Cihiinp, Batsford Ltd","year":"1977","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":3,"raw":"Church, Kenneth W., Co-ordinate Squ~res: a Solution to Many Chess Pawn CIHip~Ms, Bachelor's Thesis at MIT, 1978.","title":"Co-ordinate Squ~res: a Solution to Many Chess Pawn CIHip~Ms","authors":"Kenneth W Church","year":"1978","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":4,"raw":"Fine, Reuben, Basic Chess Endinp, David McKay Company Inc 1941. ' ..","title":"Basic Chess Endinp","authors":"Reuben Fine","year":"1941","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":5,"raw":"Frey, Peter W. (editor), Chess Skill in Man and Machine Springer-Verlag, 1977.","title":"Chess Skill in Man and Machine","authors":null,"year":"1977","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":6,"raw":"Frey, Peter W., personal communications, 1978.","title":null,"authors":"Peter W Frey","year":"1978","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":7,"raw":"Mackworth, Alan K., Consistency in Networks of Relations, AI Journal, February 1977.","title":"Consistency in Networks of Relations","authors":"Alan K Mackworth","year":"1977","venue":"AI Journal","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":8,"raw":"Newborn, Monroe, PEASANT: An eiHipme prorram for kinp and pawns, chapter 5 of Chess Skill in Man atH/ Machine.","title":"An eiHipme prorram for kinp and pawns, chapter 5 of Chess Skill in Man atH/ Machine","authors":"Monroe Newborn, Peasant","year":null,"venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":9,"raw":"Perdue, Crispi.n an~ Berl.iner, Hans J., EC --A Case Study in Problem Solvmr wtth Ktnt aiHI Pawn Endints, IX:AI, 1977.","title":"EC --A Case Study in Problem Solvmr wtth Ktnt aiHI Pawn Endints","authors":"Crispi Perdue, Berl, Iner, J Hans","year":"1977","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":10,"raw":"Tan, S. 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