---
title: "Implementing Search Heuristics Using the AL1 Advice-Taking System"
authors:
  - "Ivan Bratko"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/26"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1979/0026.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1979
pages: ""
track: ""
keywords:
---

# Implementing Search Heuristics Using the AL1 Advice-Taking System

Ivan Bratko

*Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*.

## Abstract

The AL1 System <Advice Language 1> was developed as a vehicle for conveying expert knowledge• or advice• to a problem solver. Using chess end-games as an experimental problem domain• this paper concentrates on the question: How to implement chess heuristics using the mechanisms of AL1? The spirit of advice programming as a sort of "tree-search engineering" is illustrated by developing an AL1 piece-of-advice for solving an example problem from the king-knight vs. king-rook chess ending. Experiments indicate that an advice program for this ending• based on comparatively simple concepts• and the human chess master perform comparably.