---
title: "Automatic Program Annotation"
authors:
  - "Nachum Dershowitz"
doi: ""
url: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/87"
pdf: "https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/0087.pdf"
venue: "Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"
year: 1977
pages: "378--1"
track: "Aids to Programming"
keywords:
---

# Automatic Program Annotation

Nachum Dershowitz

*Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence*, pages 378--1.

## Abstract

Techniques were developed by which an Algol-like program, given together with its specifications, may be documented automatically. This documentation expresses invariant relationships that hold between program variables at intermediate points in the program, and explains the actual workings of the program regardless of whether the program is correct. These techniques, formulated as deduction rules for both guaranteed invariants and candidate invariants, represent a unification of existing approaches, and sometimes improve upon them.