{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Multiple Representations of Knowledge in a Mechanics Problem-Solver","authors":[{"name":"Johan de Kleer","slug":"johan-de-kleer","given":"Johan","family":"de Kleer","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"Expert problem-solving programs have focused on working problems which humans consider difficult. Octdly, many such problem-solvers could not solve less difficult versions of the problems addressed by their expertise. Th1s shortcoming also contributed to these programs' inability to solve harder problems. To overcome this 'paradox' requires multiple representations of knowledge, inferencing schemes for each, and communication schemes between them . This paper presents a program, NEWTON, applying this Idea to the domain of simple classical mechanics . NEWTON employs the method of envisionment, whereby simple questions may be answered directly, and plans produc('d for solving more complex problems. Envisioning enables NEWTON to use qualitative arguments when possible, with resorts to mathematical equations only if the qualitative reasoning falls to produce a solution.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/67","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/0067.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/67.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/bibtex/67","volume":{"slug":"1977","title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 1977","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1977/","year":1977,"location":"Cambridge, MA, USA","dates":"","editors":"Raj Reddy","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":"Representation of Knowledge","track":"Representation of Knowledge","number":67,"pages":{"first":299,"last":303},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}