{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"A Multi-Level Organization For Problem Solving Using Many, Diverse, Cooperating Sources Of Knowledge","authors":[{"name":"Lee D. Erman","slug":"lee-d-erman","given":"Lee D.","family":"Erman","affiliation":""},{"name":"Victor R. Lesser","slug":"victor-r-lesser","given":"Victor R.","family":"Lesser","affiliation":""}],"abstract":"An organization is presented for implementing solutions to knowledge-based AI problems. The hypothesize-and-test paradigm is used as the basis for cooperation among many diverse and independent knowledge sources (KS's). The KS's are assumed individually to be errorful and incomplete. A uniform and integrated multi-level structure, the blQckboQrd, holds the current state of the system. Knowledge sources cooperate by creating, accessing, and modifying elements in the blackboard. The activation of a KS is datadriven, based on the occurrence of patterns in the blackboard which match templates specified by the knowledge source. Each level in the blackboard specifies a different representation of the problem space; the sequence of levels forms a loose hierarchy in which the elements at each level can approximately be described as abstractions of elements at the next lowe·r level. This decomposition can be thought of as an Q priori framework of a plan for solving the problem; each level is a generic stage in the plan.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/76","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/0076.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/76.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/bibtex/76","volume":{"slug":"1975","title":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 1975","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/","year":1975,"location":"Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR","dates":"","editors":"Patrick Winston and Carl Hewitt","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":"Speech Understanding","track":"Speech Understanding","number":76,"pages":{"first":483,"last":489},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}