{"type":"ScholarlyArticle","title":"Conceptual Overlays: A Mechanism for the Interpretation of Sentence Meaning in Context","authors":[{"name":"Charles J. Rieger III","slug":"charles-j-rieger-iii","given":"Charles J. Rieger","family":"III","affiliation":"Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park , Maryland 20742"}],"abstract":"This paper describes a context mechanism for a natural language understanding system. Since no sentence is ever perceived outside some context, it is reasonable to inquire into the nature of context as it affects the interpretation of sentence meaning at a deep conceptual level. A theory, called conce}tual over~. is described. This theory (1 defines C(Tl•···•Ti), the context established by the meaningful sequence of thoughts Tl···· ,Ti: (2) defines I(Ti+l• C(Tl, ... ,T;}), the high-level interpretation of Ti+l in the context established by Tl•··· ,Ti ; and (3) specifies an effective algorithm and data structure for computin~ I(T,K) for arbitrary thought Tin context K. In particular, a prototype LISP system, EX-SPECTRE-1, which solves simple cases of I(T2,C(T1)) is described. The system is based on an expectancy/fulfillment paradigm . Expectancies are spontaneously activated by a patterndirected invocation technique. Each expectancy implicitly references large chunks of commonsense algorithms. A collection of such-rmprfcit~tivated algorithms constitutes context, and the interpretive process is one of identifying future input as steps in these algorithms . Context switching and uses of I(T,K) in alanuage comprehension system are discussed.","doi":null,"url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/22","pdf":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/0022.pdf","markdown":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/22.md","bibtex":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/bibtex/22","volume":{"slug":"1975","title":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","short_title":"IJCAI 1975","url":"https://ijcai.org/proceedings/1975/","year":1975,"location":"Tbilisi, Georgia, USSR","dates":"","editors":"Patrick Winston and Carl Hewitt","isbn":"","publisher":"International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence","doi_prefix":""},"section":"Representation Of Problems and Knowledge","track":"Representation Of Problems and Knowledge","number":22,"pages":{"first":143,"last":149},"keywords":[],"videos":[],"references":[{"position":1,"raw":"Al Abelson, R., \"Frames for Understanding Social Actions,\" paper for Carbonell Conference, 1974 A2","title":"Frames for Understanding Social Actions","authors":"R Al Abelson","year":"1974","venue":"paper for Carbonell Conference","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":2,"raw":"Abelson, R., \"The Structure of Belief System!> in Computer Models of Thought and Langua §e, Schank and Colby (eds.), W.H. 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AI TR-306, 1974","title":"A Framework for Representing Knowledge","authors":"M Ml Minsky","year":"1974","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":5,"raw":"Nl Nilsson, N., Problem Solving Methods in Art- ificial Intelligence, McGraw-Hill, 1971.","title":"Problem Solving Methods in Artificial Intelligence","authors":"N Nl Nilsson","year":"1971","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":6,"raw":"Rl Rieger, C., \"Conceptual Memory: A Theory and Computer Program for Processing the Meaning Content of Natural Language Utterances,\" Doctoral dissertation, Stanford AIM-233, 1974","title":"Conceptual Memory: A Theory and Computer Program for Processing the Meaning Content of Natural Language Utterances","authors":"C Rl Rieger","year":"1974","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":7,"raw":"R2","title":"R","authors":null,"year":null,"venue":"R","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":8,"raw":"Rieger, C., \"Understanding by Conceptual Inf- erence,\" Amer. 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Processing","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":11,"raw":"R4","title":"R","authors":null,"year":null,"venue":"R","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":12,"raw":"Riesbeck, C., \"Computational Understanding: Analysis of Sentences and Context,\" Doctoral dissertation, Stanford AIM-238, 1974","title":"Computational Understanding: Analysis of Sentences and Context","authors":"C Riesbeck","year":"1974","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":13,"raw":"Schank, R., Goldman, N., Rieger, C., and Riesbeck, C., \"MARGIE: Memory, Analysis, Res- ponse Generation, and Inference on English,\" in Proc. 31JCAI, 1973","title":"MARGIE: Memory, Analysis, Response Generation, and Inference on English","authors":"R Schank, N Goldman, C Rieger, C Riesbeck","year":"1973","venue":"Proc. 31JCAI","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":"/proceedings/1973/33"},{"position":14,"raw":"S2","title":"S","authors":null,"year":null,"venue":"S","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":15,"raw":"Schank, R., \"Identification of Conceptual- izations Underlying Natural Language,\" in Schank and Colby (eds.), W.H. Freeman, 1973","title":"Identification of Conceptualizations Underlying Natural Language","authors":"R Schank","year":"1973","venue":null,"doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":null},{"position":16,"raw":"S3 Schmidt, c., and D'Addimio, J., \"A Model of the Common-Sense Theory of Intention and Per- sonal Causation,\" in Proc. 3IJCAI, •1973","title":"A Model of the Common-Sense Theory of Intention and Personal Causation","authors":"C Schmidt, J Addimio","year":"1973","venue":"Proc. 3IJCAI","doi":null,"url":null,"internal_url":"/proceedings/1973/59"}],"license_note":"Copyright International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence."}