IJCAI _1983-VOLUME 1
Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
IJCAI-83
VOLUME 1
CONTENTS
Automatic Programming
AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING 1: KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Automatic Programming Using Abstract Data Types
Gerard Guiho....................................1
THEOREM PROVING/AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING
Theory of Linear Equations Applied to Program Transformation
Uday S. Reddy and Barat Jayaraman..............10
AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING 1
Symbolic Execution of the Gist Specification Language
Donald Cohen ..................................17
Manipulating Descriptions of Programs for Database Access
P. M. D. Gray and D. S. Moffat .....................21
Synthesizing Least Fixed Point Queries Into Non-Recursive Iterative Programs
Shamim A. Naqvi and Lawrence J. Henschen........25
AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING 2
Diagnostic Reasoning in Software Fault Localization
Robert L. Sedlmeyer, William B. Thompson, and Paul E. Johnson........29
A Problem Reduction Approach to Program Synthesis
Douglas R. Smith................................32
Automatic Programming From Data Types Decomposition Patterns
Christian Gresse................................37
EXPERT SYSTEMS/AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING/ KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Program Transformations for VLSI
Jack Mostow -NA..............40
Cognitive Modelling
PANEL
Under What Conditions Can a Machine Attribute Meanings to Symbols
Aaron Sloman, ,.................44
Under What Conditions Can a Machine Attribute Meanings to Symbols
Drew McDermott 45
Under What Conditions Can a Machine Attribute Meanings to Symbols
W. A. Woods,
COGNITIVE MODELLING 2
How to Discover a Knowledge Representation for Causal Reasoning by Studying an Expert Physician
Benjamin Kuipers and Jerome P. Kassirer...........49
John R. Anderson ...............................57
COGNITIVE MODELLING 1
Creating a Story-Telling Universe
Michael Lebowitz ...............................63
Shifting the Focus of Attention—The Way Agatha Christie Leads You On
Andras Markus .................................66
Dynamic World Simulation for Planning With Multiple Agents
Sharon Wood...................................69
Some Basic Mechanisms for Common Sense Reasoning About Stories Environments
Giovanni Adorni, Mauro DiManzo, and Fausto Giunchiglia.......72
Understanding Stories Through Morals and Remindings
Michael G. Dyer.................................75
Gabriella Airenti, Bruno G. Bara, and Marco Colombetti.........78
COGNITIVE MODELLING 3
Logic Modelling of Cognitive Reasoning
Goran Hagert and Ake Hansson ...................81
Motives and Emotions in a General Learning System
J.G.Wallace...................................84
Artificial Intelligence in the Classroom
Wynne Bell.....................................87
Examples in Legal Reasoning: Legal Hypotheticals
Edwina L. Rissland.......................,......90
Modeling Cognitive Development on the Balance Scale Task
Stephanie Sage and Pat Langley...................94
Semi-Automated Analysis of Protocols From Novices and Experts Solving Physics Problems
L. Konst, B. J. Wielinga, J. J. Elshout, and W. N. H. Jansweijer...............97
Expert Systems
EXPERT SYSTEMS 3: KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Extracting Knowledge From Expert Systems
John McDermott..............................100
PANEL
Thomas P. Kehler, Peter Friedland, Harry Pople, Rene Reboh, and Steve Rosenberg................108
EXPERT SYSTEMS 1: COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS
On the Requirements of Future Expert Systems
RonSauersand Rick Walsh......................110
ACE: An Expert System for Telephone Cable Maintenance
Gregg T. Vesonder, Salvatore J. Stolfo, John E. Zielinski, Frederick D. Miller, and David H. Copp.............116
The Dipmeter Advisor System—A Case Study in Commercial Expert System Development
Reid G. Smith and James D. Baker................122
EXPERT SYSTEMS 2: PLAUSIBLE INFERENCE
A Synthetic View of Approximate Reasoning Techniques
Henri Prade ...................................130
Consistency and Plausible Reasoning
J. R. Quinlan...................................137
Extracting Useful Advice From Conflicting Expertise
Rene Reboh...................................145
EXPERT SYSTEMS 4: APPLICATIONS
Michael Georgeff and Umberto Bonollo............151
Techniques for Sensor-Based Diagnosis
Mark S. Fox, Simon Lowenfeld, and Pamela Kleinosky..........158
EXPERT SYSTEMS 3: GENERAL
A Comparative Study of PIP and INTERNIST
Howard B. Sherman
AI Research in China: A Review
Jiang Xinsong, Song Guoning, and Chen Yu ........164
Knoesphere: Building Expert Systems With Encyclopedic Knowledge
Douglas B. Lenat, Alan Borning, David McDonald, Craig Taylor, and Steven Weyer...................167
EXPERT SYSTEMS 5
Intelligent Assistants for Knowledge and Information Resources Management
Charles H. Kellogg .............................170
Expert System as an Intelligent Assistant for Computer Users
Riichiro Mizoguchi, Yukuo Isomoto, and Osamu Kakusho...............173
Providing Help and Advice in Task Oriented Systems
Timothy W. Finin...............................176
Diagnosis of Multiple Faults in a Nationwide Communications Network
Thomas L. Williams, Paul J. Orgren, and Carl L Smith ..................................179
Detecting Ambiguity: An Example in Knowledge Evaluation
D. W. Loveland and M. Valtorta...................182
Oil-Weil Data Interpretation Using Expert System and Pattern Recognition Technique
Alain Bonnet and Claude Dahan..................185
EXPERT SYSTEMS 6: PLAUSIBLE REASONING
A Computational Model for Causal and Diagnostic Reasoning in Inference Systems
Jin H. Kim and Judea Pearl.......................190
A Comparison of Uncertainty Calculi in an Expert System for Information Retrieval
Richard M. Tong, Daniel G. Shapiro, Jeffrey S. Dean, and Brian P. McCune............................194
A Method of Computing Generalized Bayesian Probability Values for Expert Systems
Peter Cheeseman..............................198
Reasoning About Control: The Investigation of an Evidential Approach
Leonard P. Wesley..............................203
Model-Based Probabilistic Reasoning for Electronics Troubleshooting
Richard R. Cantone, Frank J. Pipitone, W. Brent Lander, and Michael P. Marrone.............207
A Report on FOLIO: An Expert Assistant for Portfolio Managers
Paul R. Cohen and Mark D. Lieberman.............212
EXPERT SYSTEMS 7: LANGUAGES AND STRUCTURES, ESPECIALLY FOR TIME DEPENDENT REASONING
HPRL: A Language for Building Expert Systems
Steven Rosenberg..............................215
CSRL: A Language for Expert Systems for Diagnosis
Tom Bylander, Sanjay Mittal, and B. Chandrasekaran.............................218
Structure Based Control Strategy
C. M. Lou and J. Wang...........................222
A Diagnosis Method of Dynamic System Using the Knowledge on System Description
Naoyuki Yamada and Hiroshi Motoda .............225
A Control Structure for Time Dependent Reasoning
William J. Long and Thomas A. Russ..............230
Decision-Making in Time-Critical Situations
Shoichi Masui, John McDermott, and Alan Sobel . . . .233
EXPERT SYSTEMS 8: APPLICATIONS
Recognition-Based Diagnostic Reasoning
William B. Thompson, Paul E. Johnson, and James B. Moen................236
Medical Plan-Analysis: The Attending System
Perry L Miller..................................239
CAA: A Knowledge Based System Using Causal Knowledge to Diagnose Cardiac Rhythm Disorders
Tetsutaro Shibahara, John K. Tsotsos, John Mylopoulos, and H. Dominic Covvey...........242
J. Cuena......................................246
Artificial Intelligence and Macro-Economy, An Application
Jean-Luis Roos................................250
Representation of Experts' Knowledge in a Subdomain of Chess Intelligence
H. J. van den Herik..............................252
EXPERT SYSTEMS/AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING/ KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
R. S. Michalski and A. B. Baskin ..................256
An Expert System for Indications and Warning Analysis
Douglas B. Lenat, Albert Clarkson, and Garo Kiremidjian...............259
Representation and Analysis of Electrical Circuits in a Deductive System
Takushi Tanaka................................263
Representation of Empirically Derived Causal Relationships
Robert L. Blum.................................268
Knowledge Representation
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 4: EXOTIC LOGICS
Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic
Robert C. Moore................................272
Intensions as Such: An Outline
John A. Barnden ...............................280
L Thorne McCarty..............................287
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 5: TIME AND SPACE
The Mercator Representation of Spatial Knowledge
Ernest Davis...................................295
Generalizing Problem Reduction: A Logical Analysis
Drew McDermott...............................302
A Society of Mind—Multiple Perspectives, Reasoned Assumptions, and Virtual Copies
Jon Doyle.....................................309
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION/LOGIC PROGRAMMING/LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Measurement Interpretation in Qualitative Process Theory
Ken Forbus....................................315
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 1: FRAMES AND SEMANTIC NETWORKS
Semantic Networks as Abstract Data Types
Werner Dilger and Wolfgang Womann.............321
Modelling and Manipulating Production Data Bases in Terms of Semantic Nets
R. Meersman and F. VanAssche..................325
Classification in the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System
James G. Schmolze and Thomas A. Lipkis..........330
KL-Conc: A Language for Interacting With Si-Nets
Amedeo Cappelli, Lorenzo Moretti, and Carlo Vinchesi..........333
A Formal Approach to the Semantics of a Frame Data Model
Ulrich Reimer and Udo Hahn.....................337
Integrating Logic Programs and Schemata
Bradley P. Allen and J. M. Wright..................340
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 2: UNCERTAINTY, NONMONOTONIC LOGIC AND TIMESPACE
Jitendra Malik and Thomas 0. Binford............343
Representation of Temporal Knowledge
E. Yu Kandrashina..............................346
The Ins and Outs of Reason Maintenance
Jon Doyle.....................................349
General Approach to Nonmonotonic Logics
Witold Lukaszewicz ............................352
A Framework for Heuristic Reasoning About Uncertainty
Paul R. Cohen and Milton R. Grinberg..............355
How to Represent Evidence—Aspects of Uncertain Reasoning
Claus-Rainer Rollinger..........................358
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 3: KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF
Simulating Non-Deductive Reasoning
James W. Hearne ..............................362
Meta-Knowledge and Meta-Reasoning
Robert E. Filman, John Lamping, and Fanya S. Montalvo...........365
Reasoning in Multiple Belief Spaces
Joao P. Martins and Stuart C. Shapiro .............370
Martin Nilsson.................................374
Kurt Konolige..................................377
Knowing Intensional Individuals, and Reasoning About Knowing Intensional Individuals
Anthony S. Maida ..............................382
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION 6
Jean-Francois Cloarec and Jean-Francois Cudelou........385
A Case Study of Knowledge Representation in UC
David N. Chin..................................388
Predicate Logic Involving Data Structure as a Knowledge Representation Language
Setsuo Ohsuga ................................391
Descriptions as Constraints in Object-Oriented Representation
Luc Steels ....................................395
W-JS: A Modal Logic of Knowledge
Ma Xiwen and Guo Weide........................398
Robert Wilensky ...............................402
EXPERT SYSTEMS/AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING/ KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
A Description and Reasoning of Plant Controllers in Temporal Logic
Akira Fusaoka, Hirohisa Seki, and Kazuko Takahashi.....................................405
Learning and Knowledge Acquisition-NA
LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 3: KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Address by Doug Lenat....................Unpublished
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION/LOGIC PROGRAMMING/LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Representation and Induction of Infinite Concepts and Recursive Action Sequences
Fritz Wysotzki .................................409
LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 1
Perturbation: A Means for Guiding Generalization
Dennis Kibler and Bruce Porter...................415
Learning Effective Search Heuristics
Pat Langley ...................................419
Flexible Learning of Problem Solving Heuristics Through Adaptive Search
Stephen F. Smith...............................422
A Constrained Mechanism for Procedural Learning
Stellan Ohlsson................................426
Learning Equation Solving Methods From Examples
Bernard Silver .................................429
Paul D. Scott and Robert C. Vogt..................432
LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 2
A Pragmatic Knowledge Acquisition Methodology
Mark D. Grover.................................436
Learning by Controlled Transference of Knowledge Between Domains
Agustin A. Araya...............................439
Admissible Hypotheses and Enhanced Learning
G. M.K.Hunt ..................................444
Adjusting Bias in Concept Learning
PaulE. Utgoff..................................447
What's New? A Semantic Definition of Novelty
Russell Greiner and Michael R. Genesereth.........450
The Discovery of the Equator or Concept Driven Learning
Werner Emde, Christopher U. Habel, and Claus-Rainer Rollinger.............455
LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 3
Learning Word Meanings From Examples
Robert C. Berwick..............................459
Acquiring Schemata Through Understanding and Generalizing Plans
Gerald DeJong.................................462
Three Facets of Scientific Discovery
Pat Langley, Jan M. Zytkow, Gary L. Bradshaw, and Herbert A. Simon...........465
LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 4
A Learning System Which Accommodates Feature Interactions
Larry A. Rendell................................469
An Appraisal of a Decision Tree Approach to Image Classification
B. A. Shepherd.................................473
Algorithms for Learning Logical Formulas
Joel Quinqueton and Jean Sallantin...............476
concept Formation From Very Large Training Sets
Richard A. O'Keefe.............................479
Towards Knowledge Acquisition From Natural Language
Documents—Automatic Model Construction From Hardware Manual
Toyo-aki Nishida, Akira Kosaka, and Shuji Doshita. . . 482
Logic Programming
LOGIC PROGRAMMING 3: KEYNOTE ADDRESS
Alain Colmerauer ..............................487
LOGIC PROGRAMMING 2: THEORETICAL
Completeness of the Negation as Failure Rule
Joxan Jaffar, Jean-Louis Lassez, and John Lloyd . . . .500
Qute: A Prolog/Lisp Type Language for Logic Programming
Masahiko Sato and Takafumi Sakurai .............507
William A. Kornfeld.............................514
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION/LOGIC PROGRAMMING/LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
Semantic Code Analysis
Walter G. Wilson and Chester C. John -NA.........520
LOGIC PROGRAMMING 1
Prolog/Ex1, An Inference Engine Which Explains Both Yes and No Answers
Adrian Walker .................................526
Logic Programs With Uncertainties: A Tool for Implementing Rule-Based Systems
Ehud Y. Shapiro................................529
Integrating Prolog Into the Poplog Environment
Chris Mellish and Steve Hardy...................533
"Logal": Algorithmic Control Structures for Prolog
D. C. Dodson and A. L. Rector ....................536
AND Parallelism in Logic Programs
John S. Conery and Dennis F. Kibler...............539
PRISM: A Parallel Inference System for Problem Solving
Simon Kasif, Madhur Kohli, and Jack Minker........544
LOGIC PROGRAMMING 3
A Unification Algorithm for Infinite Trees
Kuniaki Mukai .................................547
Alan Feuer....................................550
Mechanization of an Oracle in a Debugging System
Anneli Edman and Sten-Ake Tarnlund..............553
Natural Language
NATURAL LANGUAGE 1: KEYNOTE ADDRESSES
Phrase Structure Grammars and Natural Languages
Gerald Gazdar.................................556
Formal Theories of Language Acquisition: Practical and Theoretical Perspectives
Daniel N. Osherson, Michael Stob, and Scott Weinstein................................566
NATURAL LANGUAGE 8
Transportability and Generality in a Natural-Language Interface System
Paul Martin, Douglas Appelt, and Fernando Pereira ...........573
Focus Constraints on Language Generation
Kathleen R. McKeown...........................582
Beyond Domain-Independence: Experience With the Development of a German Language Access System to
Highly Diverse Background Systems
Wolfgang Hoeppner, Thomas Christaller, Heinz Marburger, Katharina Morik, Bernhard Nebel, Mike O'Leary, and Wolfgang Wahlster..................588
NATURAL LANGUAGE 2: GENERATION-THEORETICAL, INCLUDING SEMANTICS
TELEGRAM:
A Grammar Formalism for Language Planning
Douglas E. Appelt..............................595
An Indirect Approach to Types of Speech Acts
Jeremy Ellman.................................600
Mutual Beliefs in Conversational Systems: Their Role in Referring Expressions
Gopalan Nadathur and Aravind K. Joshi............603
Some Issues in Generation From a Semantic Representation
Laurence Danlos...............................606
Generation in a Natural Language Interface
Paul S. Jacobs.................................610
Generation of Japanese Sentences From Conceptual Representation
Shun Ishizaki..................................613